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Foreign Policy (1865-1917)
Focused on westward expansion, protecting interests abroad, and limiting foreign influences.
William H
Secretary of State (1861-1869) who prevented foreign intervention in the Civil War and purchased Alaska.
Monroe Doctrine
Policy that Seward invoked to threaten France and prevent their occupation of Mexico.
Alaska Purchase
Acquired from Russia for $7.2 million, initially a seal-hunting colony.
Industrialization
Late 19th-century U.S. industrial growth aimed at securing raw materials and markets.
Survival of the Fittest
Concept applied to international competition, emphasizing military and colonial advantages.
Missionaries
Belief in Anglo-Saxon superiority and a religious duty to spread Christianity and Western benefits.
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Navy captain advocating for a strong navy to secure foreign markets.
Pan-American Conference
Initiated in 1889 to foster cooperation and trade among American nations.
Venezuelan Boundary Dispute
U.S. intervention under the Monroe Doctrine improved British-American relations.
Spanish-American War
Conflict justified by American investments, Spanish misrule, and the Monroe Doctrine.
Yellow Press
Sensationalist journalism that fueled public demand for intervention in Cuba.
De Lome Letter
Spanish minister's criticism of President McKinley, seen as an insult to the U.S.
Sinking of the Maine
U.S. ship explosion in Havana that escalated tensions leading to war.
Teller Amendment
Stated that the U.S. would not seek political control over Cuba after the war.
Rough Riders
Volunteer cavalry led by Theodore Roosevelt during the invasion of Cuba.
Annexation of Hawaii
Overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani and eventual annexation in 1898.
Treaty of Paris (1898)
Ended the Spanish-American War, leading to U.S. acquisition of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
Anti-Imperialist League
Opposition group against U.S. expansionism, led by figures like William Jennings Bryan.
Platt Amendment
Conditions for U.S. withdrawal from Cuba, establishing it as a protectorate.
Open Door Policy
U.S. proposal for equal trading rights in China to prevent European domination.
Boxer Rebellion
Anti-foreign uprising in China, suppressed by an international force.
Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy
Approach emphasizing diplomacy backed by military strength.
Panama Canal
U.S. project to connect the Atlantic and Pacific, facilitated by the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty.
Roosevelt Corollary
Extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserting U.S. intervention in Latin America for debt collection.
Dollar Diplomacy
Taft's policy promoting U.S. trade by supporting American businesses abroad.
Moral Diplomacy
Wilson's approach emphasizing respect for other nations' rights and support for democracy.
Jones Act of 1916
Granted the Philippines a bill of rights and promised independence when stable.
Tampico Incident
U.S. military response to the arrest of American sailors in Mexico, escalating tensions.
Pancho Villa
Mexican revolutionary whose actions led to U.S. military intervention under General Pershing.
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