Unit V Plants Homework Review

Root hairs are extensions of single cells, while roots are multicellular

How could you distinguish between a root hair versus a very small root?

anther

pollen comes from the

vascular tissue

A major distinguishing feature between monocot and eudicot stems is the organization of the

true

In seed plants, the entire male gametophyte is transported to the female.

closing of the stomata in the leaves to limit transpiration.

On a short-term basis, water loss in plants may be controlled by the

Guard cells lose turgor, and the stomata close.

Which of the following actions occurs in many plants when CO₂ concentrations are high?

Lateral meristem

An increase in plant diameter results from cell division in which type of meristem?

bryophytes.

Plants lacking well-developed conducting systems such as mosses, liverworts, and hornworts have been called

pressure potential.

Turgor is most directly related to the plant cells

Energy must be constantly expended.

Which of the following must occur in order to maintain a high-pressure potential within guard cells?

The tap should be placed a bit past the vascular cambium

Maple syrup is made by concentrating the sucrose-rich sap of a maple tree in the spring when the days are warm and the nights are below freezing. To get the sap, metal taps are hammered into the trunk of a maple tree. Conditions must be right so that the sap rises front he root in the xylem during the day (flowing out the tap as it does) and flows back to the roots during the night.

CAM

Plants that show a pattern of stomatal opening and closing that is the reverse of CO₂ plants are called

rhizoids

The colorless rootlike projections of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, which anchor them to the substrate are called

Water is transported in the phloem along with the sugars while they are being translocated into the fruit.

A large watermelon fruit is very heavy and contains nearly 90% water. Since the skin of a watermelon is thick and lacks stomata, transpiration does not “pull” water into the watermelon. So, how does all that water get into the fruit?

false

An increase in root pressure will result in the rapid release of abscisic acid (ABA) and the subsequent opening of the stomata.

They are unique to plant cells.

Which of the following statements does not apply to aquaporins?

collenchyma tissue

You come across a recipe for rhubarb pie. Never having heard of rhubarb, you do a little research. You find out that the part of a rhubarb plant that people eat is the petiole of a large leaf. You purchase some rhubarb plant for your pie and notice it contains many long stringy fibers. Based on your knowledge of plant tissues, you know that the stringy fibers are

translocation

Most carbohydrates manufactured in leaves and other photosynthetic parts are transported through the phloem to the rest of the plant by the process of

procambium

What is the name of the meristematic tissue that gives rise to future vascular tissue?

Cycadophyta

Due to their pinnately compound leaves, tropical habitat, and overall appearance members of which phylum are often thought of as a type of palm?

Anthophyta.

Based on the number of species, the most successful extant phylum of plants is the

pollen

Flowering plants use animals or wind to transfer _____ between flowers.

water to reproduce sexually

Bryophytes, like ferns and certain other tracheophyte plants, require

vacuole

Matthew noticed that his house plants were wilting badly. Which cell structure had most likely contracted?

adhesion.

Water molecules can “stick” to certain surfaces by

a sink because your sample is rich in carbohydrates.

You a given a plant tissue in lab and asked to determine if the tissue is a source or a sink. Microscopic analysis reveals an abundance of colorless parenchyma cells with plastids. Only one biochemical test reacts positively with your sample. In the presence of iodine, the plastids turn a dark purplish color. Based on this information you determine your sample is

root pressure

Even in the absence of transpiration, some water can move into the roots and partially up the xylem columns. This phenomenon is due to

ferns.

The most abundant group of seedless tracheophyte plants are the

flow of sucrose and other carbohydrates once inside the sieve tubes

Which of the following does not require expenditure of energy?

Plant A

A botanist examines two plants. Plant A has large colorful petals; plant B as extremely tiny white flowers. Which one is most likely animal pollinated?

parenchyma

Which plant cells are the most common and the least specialized?

Their function is primarily to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the leaf.

All of the following describe characteristics of sclerenchyma cells, except which?

It develops between the primary xylem and the primary phloem in dicots.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the vascular cambium?

The direction of flow can change at different times if the sources and sinks change.

Which oof the following statements about transport through phloem is true?

one sperm fuses with the egg and the other sperm fuses with both polar nuclei.

Double fertilization occurs when

zone of cell division

Your lab instructor hands you a root slide and asks you to show her a cell with condensed chromosomes arranged in a straight line. In which section of the root would you begin your search?

sporophyte and a gametophyte.

Plants as well as brown, green, and red algae show a basic life cycle which involves the alternation of generations between a(n)

Zone of maturation

Root hairs grow actively in which area of the developing roots?

Stomata closed during hot days

Many monocots use a modified photosynthetic pathway, C₄ photosynthesis, that maximizes the amount of CO₂ relative to O₂ to reduce energy loss through photorespiration. Which of the following is an anatomical feature that corresponds with C₄ photosynthesis?

the opening and closing of stomata.

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in the regulation of photorespiration. Based on this information, ABA likely plays a role in

apical meristems.

Primary growth in plants originates in

procambium.

Primary xylem and phloem are produced by the

flowers

Angiosperms use which temporary reproductive structures that are not present in any other group of plants?

fruit

Which of these is not part of the seed?

The endosperm provides the embryo with the nutrition needed during the initial germination stages.

Why can corn seeds germinate in total darkness?

pollen grains

Microspore mother cells produce microspores. What do microspores then develop into?

discourage herbivores

In certain plants, some of the roots may be modified to carry out unusual functions. Which of these is not an example of one of these special functions?

stomata in the leaves

The waterproof cuticle covering the epidermis of land plants helps prevent dehydration, much like the skin of some land animals. As a consequence of having a cuticle, what other evolutionary adaption was important for most land plants?

osmosis.

The uneven distribution of an impermeable solute on either side of a membrane will result in

reduction of fungal and insect parasitism

What is the function of pine resins?

stomata.

Most of the water that evaporates from leaves passes out through the

xylem tubes.

In tracheophyte plants, water and dissolved minerals are conducted away from roots by

a reduction of turgor in the guard cells.

Stomatal opening requires each of the following conditions, except

is part of the inner bark.

Secondary phloem

vascular cambium.

The name of the meristem that ultimately gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem is the

There are separate male and female sporophytes.

What does it mean if a plant is dioecious?

The female gametophyte is not completely enclosed in sporophyte tissue at the time of pollination.

Why are conifers and cycads considered gymnosperms?

Liverwort

A researcher brings a sample of dry soil to the lab, wets it, provides ample amounts of fertilizer, and places the soil in a container in a greenhouse. Which type of plant would be least likely to emerge?

grow to very large sizes.

The development of tracheids helped land plants to

Endosperm

Which part of the seed is responsible for providing nutrition to the embryo?

The zygote is the only diploid cell in the sporophyte stage.

Which one of the following statements about haplodiplontic life cycles is false?

tracheophyte

Which plants are characterized by a conducting system, the possession of cuticles, specialized stems, and roots, stomata, and, in many species, seeds?

A root hair is isolated from its epidermal cell with a cross wall.

Which statement concerning root hairs is not correct?

vessel members

Which of the following cell types conducts water most rapidly through a plant?

ovaries

Fruits derived from which structure?

rapid cell division

Which of these is not a function of the root cap?

form flowers or branches.

Axillary buds

Vessels

During a woodworking class, Kim’s instructor lectures on the grain of the wood. The instructor explains that when you look at the end of a board cut perpendicular across the tree trunk, the curved lines you see (called end grain) are actually the growth rings of the tree. Kim has also taken a biology class, and realizes that these lines composed of what types of cells?

Pollen grains are transported by wind or an animal.

Why is external water not essential for fertilization in seed plants?

sporophyte generation.

The dominant stage in the life cycle of tracheophyte plants is the

mesophyll tissue from a leaf.

You are given a sample of plant tissue and asked to identify the type of tissue and its location in the plant. Using your microscope, you notice two distinct layers of cells. One layer contains cells that are tightly compacted together while the other layer has loosely arranged cells. The cells in both layers contain many chloroplasts. Based on this information, you determine the issue is

petiole.

The slender stalk that connects the flattened leaf blade to the stem in most dicots is the

6 feet

A birdhouse is nailed into a tree 6 feet up from the ground. If the tree grows about 2 feet taller each year, how far from the ground will the birdhouse be 25 years later?

mosses, liverworts, and ferns.

The gametophyte is green and nutritionally independent in

Dissolved minerals moving from roots to leaves in vessels are in the apoplast.

Which of the following statements about routes of travel through a plant is correct?

anther;stigma

Pollination begins when pollen is transferred from the ______ to the ______ of a flower.

pistil

Ovules develop within the ovary, which is located in the swollen lower portion of which floral organ?

have a blade divided into leaflets

Compound leaves

chlorophyll

The distinctive feature of chloroplasts is that they contain a green pigment called:

many chloroplasts

The most distinctive characteristic of leaf mesophyll cells is that they are filled with

vessel members

What type of cells are joined end-to-end, conduct water and are connected to each other with strips of wall material?

Plants would make less sugar than normal

If a plants stomata were always closed, how would this affect the plant’s ability to make glucose?

xylem (primary and secondary)

If you examined a cross-section of a woody stem under the microscope and located the vascular cambium, the tissues on the inside of the vascular cambium ring (toward the center of the stem) would be

the relative humidity inside the lead and the relative humidity outside the plant

Most often, the largest gradient in water potential is between

outside;middle

In the vascular bundles of most dicot stems, primary phloem differentiates toward the _____ of the stem, while primary xylem differentiates toward the ____ of the stem.

vessel members

Which of these can be found in oak wood but not in pine wood?

All are correct

Which of theses situations regarding phloem sources and sinks is not correct?

-In a seedling, the cotyledons would be sources
-A growing pumpkin is a sink
-Young leaves start as sinks, but become sources
-The root of a carrot plant is a source
-Suring autumn, deciduous tree roots would be a sink

how carbohydrates in solution move through the phloem

The pressure-flow hypothesis describes

Rhizoids lack xylem tissue

Why is a rhizoid not considered a true root?

sclerenchyma

Which of the following cell types does not move materials through the body of the plant?

Cavitation would have no effect on translocation

false

central vacuole

Plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other substances called a:

guttation.

Water may be lost in the form of liquid from the surface of leaves through a process known as

false

Drupes have multiple seeds and fused carpels

diploid;triploid

Double fertilization produces a __________ embryo and a _________ endosperm.

Hot and arid

CAM and C₄ plants likely grow in what type of environment?

cell walls

Plants, fungi and bacterial all have:

The plant will lose excess water through transpiration and suffer dehydration.

A plant is exposed to a toxin that blocks ABA receptor sites in the plasma membrane. What is the likely consequence of this exposure?

Increasing the number of water vacuoles in the cells.

Mechanisms that evolvd in plants to regulate the rate of water loss do not include

sieve cells

Xylem tissue may contain each of these cell types, except which?