Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

These flashcards cover key concepts in biotechnology and genetic engineering, including definitions and processes associated with reverse transcriptase, genetic modification, restriction enzymes, and cloning.

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that synthesizes __ from mRNA.

complementary DNA (cDNA)

Genetic engineering is a process of altering an organism's __ information using in vitro techniques.

genetic

Organisms that have had a foreign gene inserted into them are called __ organisms.

transgenic

Restriction enzymes are a biotechnological tool that allows scientists to __ DNA in a controlled manner.

cut

The nucleotide sequences that read the same in both directions are known as __.

palindromes

DNA ligase is the enzyme that seals the cuts together by forming __ bonds between adjacent nucleotides.

covalent

DNA gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments by __.

size

In reverse transcription, __ polymerase completes the cDNA, free of introns.

DNA

A size standard is added to an unfilled well to serve as a basis for __ comparison.

size

Molecular cloning or DNA cloning is used to introduce foreign DNA into a recipient __.

cell

The carrier of the DNA in molecular cloning is a __.

plasmid

Using the enzyme reverse transcriptase, a copy of single-stranded complementary DNA (cDNA) will be synthesized from the __ template.

RNA

The process of splicing removes the __ from the pre-mRNA, generating mRNA.

introns