Blood Disorders and Fetal Circulation

CO binds to your _____, prevents ____ from binding

hemoglobin, oxygen

____ is a silent killer as people often die in their sleep when a heater fails

carbon monoxide poisoning

carbon monoxide deaths are more likely to occur in ____

winter

most common anemia

iron deficiency

iron-deficiency anemia treated with

iron supplements

aplastic anemia

bone marrow does not produce enough RBC

____ anemia due to extreme blood loss

hemorrhagic anemia

pernicious anemia

b12 deficiency

sickle cell anemia is a ____ disorder

genetic

_____ anemia has abnormally shaped blood cells

sickle cell

in sickle cell anemia, parents can be _____

carries/asymptomatic

sickle cell

symptoms of sickle cell anemia (5)

pain, lethargy, lifelong anemia (low red blood count), organ failure, stroke

sickled red blood cells are stiff and angular, causing them to become

stuck in small capillaries

_____ is codominant

sickle cell anemia

sickle cell anemia:

AA

normal

sickle cell anemia:

Aa

sickle cell trait (few symptoms)

sickle cell anemia:

aa

sickle cell anemia

sickle cell anemia:

if both parents are carriers, child has a ____ chance of having the disease

1/4

____ is cancer of the blood

leukemia

leukemia: overproduction of ____ that take place of ____

wbcs, rbcs

leukemia treatments

bone marrow transplants, chemotherapy, radiation

left

leukemia

“mono” or “the kissing disease”

mononucleosis

mononucleosis is an infection usually caused by the

epstein-barr virus

“mononucleosis” refers to an increase in ____ in the blood stream

lymphocytes

____ is very common, and many people have been exposed to the virus at some time in childhood

ebv

septicemia

blood poisoning

in septicemia, a _____ enters the bloodstream

infection

____ can be deadly but is often treated with antibioticis

septicemia

septicemia also called

sepsis

thromocytopenia

low production of platelets

thrombocytopenia causes (2)

bleeding or bruising

thrombocytopenia:

a bruise is caused when tiny blood vessels are ____ as the result of a ____ to the skin

damaged/broken, blow

thromocytopenia:

the raised area of a bump or bruise results from blood _____ from these injured blood vessels into the ____ as well as from the ____ to the injury

leaking, tissues, body’s response

hemophilia

failure of the blood to clot

hemophilia treatment

blood transfusions that include clotting agents

hemophilia is carried on the

X chromosome

hemophilia

normal

hemophilia

carrier

hemophilia

hemophiliac

hemophilia

normal

hemophilia

hemophiliac

jaundice in newborns is caused by the

liver not functioning fully

jaundice:

_____ builds up, causing a yellow color

bilirubin

jaundice treatment

fluorescent lights (bili lights)

hemochromatosis

body stores/absorbs too much iron

hemochromatosis:

humans have no mechanism for elimination of

excess iron

hemochromatosis:

multiple transfusions of _____ can result in iron overload

red blood cells

hemochromatosis can also be

hereditary

chromatosis:

iron chelation therapy

removal of excess iron from the body with special drugs

associated disorders of _____:

liver disease, diabetes, heart abnormalities, skin discoloration, joint pain, sexual dysfunction, thyroid disease, fatigue, weight loss, weakness, abdominal pain, brain fog, mood swings, depression, anxiety

hemochromatosis

iron is the site where

oxygen binds to hemoglobin

beta thalessemia

reduces the production of hemoglobin which results in anemia

beta thalassemia:

the ____ gene provides instructions for making a protein called ____, which is a component of a hemoglobin

HBB, beta-globin

beta thalassemia

_____ is a circulatory organ unique to pregnancy

placenta

placenta develops jointly from the ____ and ____ structures to fill this need

embryo, uterine wall

(1 or 2) umbilical vein(s) carries ____ blood from the pregnant person to the fetal _____ via the ____ to the ____ that pumps it into fetal circulation

1, oxygen-rich, inferior vena cava, ductus venosus, heart

(1 or 2) umbilical arterie(s) carry ____ fetal blood, including wastes and carbon dioxide, to the ____. remnants of the ____ remain in the adult

2, oxygen-depleted , placenta, umbilical arteries

placenta

three shunts in the fetal heart

ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus

____ occurs when temporary blood vessels branch from the _____, allowing much of the freshly oxygenated blood from the ___ to bypass the ____ and go directly to the ____

ductus venosus, umbilical vein, placenta, fetal liver, fetal heart

the ductus venosus closes slowly during the first weeks of infancy and degenerates to become the ____

ligamentum venosum

____ is the opening in the _____ that allows blood to flow from the ____ to the ____

foramen ovale, interatrial septum, right atrium, left atrium

foramen ovale:

a valve associated with this opening prevents

backflow of blood during the fetal period

foramen ovale:

as the newborn begins to ____ and ____, this shunt ____

breathe and blood pressure in the atria increases, closes

foramen ovale:

the ____ remains in the interatrial septum after ____. marking the location of the former foramen ovale

fossa ovalis, birth

_____ is a short, muscular vessel that connects the ____ to the ____

ductus arteriosus, pulmonary trunk, aorta

ductus arteriosus:

most of the blood pumped from the ____ into the ___ is diverted into the ____. only enough blood reaches the ____ to maintain the developing ____

right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, aorta, fetal lungs, lung tissue

ductus arteriosus:

when the newborn takes the first breath, pressure within the lungs ____ and both the lungs and the pulmonary vessels ____

drops, expand

ductus arteriosus:

as the amount of oxygen increases, the _____ in the wall of the ductus arteriosus ____, sealing off the passage

smooth muscles, constrict

ductus arteriosus:

eventually, the ____ and ____ components of the ductus arteriosus degenerate, leaving only the ____ component of the ligamentum arteriosum

muscular, endothelial, connective tissue

aorta

pulmonary trunk

ductus arteriosus

foramen ovale

ductus venosus

bladder

inferior vena cava

umbilical vein

umbilical arteries

placenta

left

fetal circulation

right

post transition circulation

all babies are born with very low levels of ____ because it does not _____. therefore, it is recommended to give newborns _____ within ____ hours

vitamin K, cross the placental wall, a single shot of vitamin K at birth, six