framing systems study guide

The numbering system for rebar is an indicator of the diameter of the material expressed in________ of an inch.

Eighths

If building on a sloped piece of property it may be necessary to________ the footings.

step

When concrete walls are to be reinforced, the rebar is ________.

 

tied in place before the inside panels are erected

Anchor bolts are set in the wall ________.

 

as soon as the wall is screeded

Concrete strength is measured in ________.

pounds per square inch

A cubic foot of water contains approximately ______ gallons.

7.5

When openings for windows and doors are desired in a concrete wall, ________ must be built and installed against the inside face of the outside form panels.

block-outs

 

bucks

Unless footings are placed below the frost line, _________.

 

the foundation may heave and buckle

Concrete hardens through a chemical reaction called ________.

Hydration

A cubic yard contains ________ cubic feet.

27

Hardening of concrete can continue for ________.

Years

The quality of concrete is greatly affected by ________.

Rapid evaporation of the water

 

The ratio of water and cement in the mix

 

The manner in which the concrete is placed and worked

 

Freezing of the water

The ends of snap ties that are projecting from the wall are snapped off ________.

 

After placement of concrete and removal of the forms

Walers are ________.

spaced at right angles to the panel frame members

A bag of portland cement contains one cubic foot and weighs ________ pounds.

94

Snap ties are used to ________.

hold the wall forms the desired distance apart

 

support the wall forms against the lateral pressure of the concrete

 

reduce the need for external bracing

When cutting holes in the flanges of wood I beams follow ________.

 

The rule of no holes or notches in I beam flanges

Another common name for a girder is a ________.

beam

When installing plywood subflooring ________.

Be sure all panel end joints are over a joist

 

Leave the appropriate gap between panels

 

An adhesive should be used in addition to the nails, staples or screws

Holes bored in dimensional lumber joists for piping or wiring should not be larger than ________ of the joist depth.

one-third

The opening in the floor that the stairway passes through is the ________.

Stairwell

When an opening must be made in a floor, the cut joists are supported by a ________.

Header

Heavy beams that support the inner ends of floor joists are called ________.

Girders

Anchor bolts are used to attach the ________ directly to the foundation.

 

sill plate (mud sill)

The most widely used framing method for residential construction in the U.S. is ________.

 

platform frame construction

Dimensional lumber joists are installed with ________.

 

the crown up

In conventional framing, floor joists are usually placed ________.

 

16" on center

As the clear span of floor joists is increased ________.

 

The depth of the floor joists must be increased

The depth of the header depends on the ________ of the opening.

width

The top and bottom horizontal members of a steel frame wall are called ________.

track

 

runners

A short block of lumber that is installed in floor, wall, and ceiling cavities to provide fastening for various fixtures and parts is known as ________.

backing

The carpenter must determine rough opening sizes (for doors and windows) from information contained in the ___________.

 

door and window schedules

All studs in an exterior wall should have their crowned edges facing ________ when the wall is erected.

out

The sides and top of a door frame are called ________.

jambs

To avoid problems when installing finish work, it is important that all edges of framing members are kept ________ wherever they join together.

flush

Bathroom and kitchen walls sometimes must be made thicker to accommodate ________ later installed in those walls.

plumbing

Shortened studs that carry the weight of the header are called ________.

trimmers

 

jacks

Generally, corner bracing is not needed if ________ is used on the corners.

 

rated panel wall sheathing

It is necessary that headers ________.

 

be strong enough to support the load over the opening

The bottom horizontal member of a wall frame is called the ________.

 

sole plate

The full length vertical members of a wall frame are called ________.

Studs

Interior partitions on blueprints are usually ________.

 

dimensioned to their centerlines

Partitions that carry a load are referred to as ________ partitions.

bearing

When estimating material for an exterior wall with a layout that is 16" on center, figure ________ stud(s) for each linear foot.

one

When laying out a rough opening in a wood framed wall for a door, generally add ________ inches to the width of the door size.

 

2 to 2 1/2

Prior to bracing the end sections of a wall, an easy and effective way to check the wall section for square is to ________.

 

measure the wall from corner to corner diagonally both ways to see if it measures the same

When laying out stair carriages, make sure ________.

 

all riser heights are the same

 

all tread widths are the same

The total horizontal distance that the stairway covers is known as the total ________.

Run

The opening in the floor that the stairway passes through is the ________.

Stairwell

To determine the unit rise, the ________ must be known.

 

total rise

Most building codes call for a minimum of ________ of headroom for stairways.

6’ 8”

Stairways in residential construction should have a minimum width of ___________. 

36 inches

Rafter tables can be found in booklet form or stamped on the side of a common ________.

 

framing square

On a roof with a moderate slope the length of the level cut portion of the seat is usually the same width as the ________.

 

top plate

On most plans the amount of overhang of the rafters or trusses is given as a(n) ________ measurement.

level

The unit of run for a shed roof is ________ inches.

12

The most common style of roof used is the ________ roof.

gabel

On an equal-pitched gable roof, the ________ rafter is the only type of rafter needed to be laid out.

common

The shed roof slopes in ________ direction(s).

1

The metal or wood connecting plates used at the intersection of web members and chords are known as ________.

gussets

End rafters are commonly called ________ rafters.

rake

A ________ is a structure that projects out from a sloping roof to form another roofed area to provide a surface for the installation of windows.

dormer

Continuous lateral bracing of the bottom chord of a truss must be applied to maintain the proper ________.

spacing

Truss use in roof framing ________.

 

eliminates the need for load-bearing interior partitions below

When a ridge board is used, the common rafters must be ________.

 

shortened to compensate for the thickness of the ridge board

A square is the amount of roofing required to cover ________.

 

100 square feet

Roof trusses eliminate the need for bearing walls because ________.

 

they are designed to support the roof over a wide span

The most common truss design is the ________ truss.

 

Fink or W

Carpenters are mostly involved in the ________ of trusses.

 

erection

When an overhang is required at the rakes, horizontal structural members called ________ are installed.

Lookouts

Temporary bracing must be applied to trusses ________.

At the top chord or sheathing plane

 

At the bottom chord or ceiling plane

 

At the vertical web plane at right angles to the truss

What is used to fasten trusses to the wall top plate ________?

 

Metal framing ties

The upper chords of a roof truss act as ________.

 

rafters

The hip-jack rafter ________.

 

Is actually a shortened common rafter

Intersecting stick framed roofs must always have ________.

 

valley rafters

The diagonal parts of roof trusses are called ________.

 

web members

Structures that were built prior to passage of zoning regulations and are now not in their proper zone are referred to as __________.

Nonconforming

Minimum standards of safety concerning the design and construction of buildings are regulated by __________.

 

building codes

Hardships imposed by zoning regulations may be relieved by a _________ granted by the zoning board.

 

variance

What governs the size, use (purpose) and location of buildings within a city or town _________?

 

Zoning regulations

The building permit fee is usually based on the _________.

 

Estimated cost of construction

At what height from the floor is a building "cut" to show a floor plan?

4ft

Foundation inspections occur prior to ____________.

 

the placement of concrete

It is the responsibility of the ________ to notify the Building Official when it is time for a scheduled inspection.

 

contractor or his representative

To remove nails that have been driven all the way in, use a ________.

 

nail claw

The distances from the property line to the building are known as _______.

setbacks

Long straight lines are laid out using a ________ which is stretched tightly between two points and snapped against the surface.

 

chalk line

A ________ suspended from a string can be used to check a wall for plumb.

plumb bob

On foundation plans, the walls are dimensioned from _________.

 

the face of one wall to the face of the next

Green space refers to the ________.

 

amount of landscaped area

The location of the footing on a foundation plan is indicated by ________.

 

dashed lines

What is indicated by contour lines that are spaced far apart?

 

A gradual slope

Orthographic drawings can be used to convey much of the information needed during construction and may also be called __________.

 

Multi-view

Based on Figure 24-2 of the text, what is the thickness of the sheathing to be used on the roof __________?

1/2”

Based on Figure 24-2 of the text, what is the spacing for the floor joists on the second floor __________?

 

16" on center

When buildings are designed using a grid system with a unit of _______ it is known as modular measure.

 

4"

A starting point of known elevation, used to determine other elevations is known as a ________.

benchmark

A recess in a foundation wall that is used to support a girder is known as a __________.

Pocket

_____________are written documents that give information that cannot be completely provided in drawings or schedules and contain information regarding materials, workmanship, methods and quality of construction.

Specifications