AP Gov Unit 1 Progress Check

"In every free government, the people must give their assent to the laws by which they are governed. This is the true criterion between a free government and an arbitrary one. The former are ruled by the will of the whole, expressed in any manner they may agree upon; the latter by the will of one, or a few. If the people are to give their assent to the laws, by persons chosen and appointed by them, the manner of the choice and the number chosen, must be such, as to possess, be disposed, and consequently qualified to declare the sentiments of the people; for if they do not know, or are not disposed to speak the sentiments of the people, the people do not govern, but the sovereignty is in a few. Now, in a large extended country, it is impossible to have a representation, possessing the sentiments, and of integrity, to declare the minds of the people, without having it so numerous and unwieldy, as to be subject in great

B Nations with extended territory cannot fairly represent their citizens in a republican form of government.

"In every free government, the people must give their assent to the laws by which they are governed. This is the true criterion between a free government and an arbitrary one. The former are ruled by the will of the whole, expressed in any manner they may agree upon; the latter by the will of one, or a few. If the people are to give their assent to the laws, by persons chosen and appointed by them, the manner of the choice and the number chosen, must be such, as to possess, be disposed, and consequently qualified to declare the sentiments of the people; for if they do not know, or are not disposed to speak the sentiments of the people, the people do not govern, but the sovereignty is in a few. Now, in a large extended country, it is impossible to have a representation, possessing the sentiments, and of integrity, to declare the minds of the people, without having it so numerous and unwieldy, as to be subject in great

B Participatory democracy and elite democracy

"In every free government, the people must give their assent to the laws by which they are governed. This is the true criterion between a free government and an arbitrary one. The former are ruled by the will of the whole, expressed in any manner they may agree upon; the latter by the will of one, or a few. If the people are to give their assent to the laws, by persons chosen and appointed by them, the manner of the choice and the number chosen, must be such, as to possess, be disposed, and consequently qualified to declare the sentiments of the people; for if they do not know, or are not disposed to speak the sentiments of the people, the people do not govern, but the sovereignty is in a few. Now, in a large extended country, it is impossible to have a representation, possessing the sentiments, and of integrity, to declare the minds of the people, without having it so numerous and unwieldy, as to be subject in great

D "... [I]t is impossible to have a representation, possessing the sentiments, and of integrity, to declare the minds of the people, without having it so numerous and unwieldy, as to be subject in great measure to the inconveniency of a democratic government."

While [opponents of the Constitution] admit that the government of the United States is destitute of energy, they contend against conferring upon it those powers which are requisite to supply that energy. They seem still to aim at things repugnant and irreconcilable; at an augmentation of federal authority, without a diminution of State authority; at sovereignty in the Union, and complete independence in the members. . . . This [requires that] a full display of the principal defects of the Confederation [is] necessary, in order to show that the evils we experience do not proceed from minute or partial imperfections, but from fundamental errors in the structure of the building, which cannot be amended otherwise than by an alteration in the first principles and main pillars of the fabric. . . . [T]he United States has an indefinite discretion to [plead for] for men and money; but they have no authority to raise either,

B The debt crisis of the 1780s which the national government was unable to address due to lack of authority

While [opponents of the Constitution] admit that the government of the United States is destitute of energy, they contend against conferring upon it those powers which are requisite to supply that energy. They seem still to aim at things repugnant and irreconcilable; at an augmentation of federal authority, without a diminution of State authority; at sovereignty in the Union, and complete independence in the members. . . . This [requires that] a full display of the principal defects of the Confederation [is] necessary, in order to show that the evils we experience do not proceed from minute or partial imperfections, but from fundamental errors in the structure of the building, which cannot be amended otherwise than by an alteration in the first principles and main pillars of the fabric. . . . [T]he United States has an indefinite discretion to [plead for] for men and money; but they have no authority to raise either,

B Articles of Confederation allowed for the federal government to request revenues from states but did not permit it to tax citizens directly, whereas under the United States Constitution the federal government could tax citizens directly.

While [opponents of the Constitution] admit that the government of the United States is destitute of energy, they contend against conferring upon it those powers which are requisite to supply that energy. They seem still to aim at things repugnant and irreconcilable; at an augmentation of federal authority, without a diminution of State authority; at sovereignty in the Union, and complete independence in the members. . . . This [requires that] a full display of the principal defects of the Confederation [is] necessary, in order to show that the evils we experience do not proceed from minute or partial imperfections, but from fundamental errors in the structure of the building, which cannot be amended otherwise than by an alteration in the first principles and main pillars of the fabric. . . . [T]he United States has an indefinite discretion to [plead for] for men and money; but they have no authority to raise either,

A "The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;"

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the separation of powers is integral to the Constitution not to preserve the prerogatives of each branch of government but to divide governmental powers among the branches so as to keep power diffused—and thereby limited and protective of personal freedom. . . .

Thus, even if one branch of government consented to ceding an essential power to another branch, such a giveaway would be unconstitutional. . . .

Can the president legally use military force to attack a foreign land without a serious threat or legal obligation or a declaration of war from Congress? In a word: No. Here is the back story. . . .

. . . [A] bipartisan group of senators offered legislation supported by the president that . . . would permit a president to strike whomever and wherever he pleases. The president would be restrained only by a vote of Congress—after hostilities have commenced.

Such a statute would gi

A Separation of powers is necessary to our constitutional system to limit the power of the three branches and guarantee limited government.

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the separation of powers is integral to the Constitution not to preserve the prerogatives of each branch of government but to divide governmental powers among the branches so as to keep power diffused—and thereby limited and protective of personal freedom. . . .

Thus, even if one branch of government consented to ceding an essential power to another branch, such a giveaway would be unconstitutional. . . .

Can the president legally use military force to attack a foreign land without a serious threat or legal obligation or a declaration of war from Congress? In a word: No. Here is the back story. . . .

. . . [A] bipartisan group of senators offered legislation supported by the president that . . . would permit a president to strike whomever and wherever he pleases. The president would be restrained only by a vote of Congress—after hostilities have commenced.

Such a statute would gi

D Congress can impeach and remove a president who is unable or unwilling to perform his or her official functions.

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the separation of powers is integral to the Constitution not to preserve the prerogatives of each branch of government but to divide governmental powers among the branches so as to keep power diffused—and thereby limited and protective of personal freedom. . . .

Thus, even if one branch of government consented to ceding an essential power to another branch, such a giveaway would be unconstitutional. . . .

Can the president legally use military force to attack a foreign land without a serious threat or legal obligation or a declaration of war from Congress? In a word: No. Here is the back story. . . .

. . . [A] bipartisan group of senators offered legislation supported by the president that . . . would permit a president to strike whomever and wherever he pleases. The president would be restrained only by a vote of Congress—after hostilities have commenced.

Such a statute would gi

C The Supreme Court rules on a suit brought by an interest group that legislation permitting the president to launch military strikes without congressional approval is unconstitutional.

As a compromise, the framers agreed on a bicameral legislature, with the House of Representatives elected by popular vote within states and the Senate selected by state legislatures. The direct election method conforms most to which of the following democratic ideals?

A The social contract is an agreement between citizens and government.

B Government should be based on the consent of the governed.

C Policy makers should be the most well-informed elites in society.

D State power should be respected in a federal constitution.

B Government should be based on the consent of the governed.

The Declaration of Independence cites specific reasons for separating from British rule, including the British imposing taxes and maintaining a standing army without consent. Which of the following principles or ideas would these grievances be most related to?

A Natural rights such as life, liberty, and property

B The authority to create a centralized military among the colonies

C The incorporation of checks and balances among the branches of government

D Concurrent powers allowing the colonies to draft their own laws

A Natural rights such as life, liberty, and property

Article I, Section 9 of the United States Constitution lists several powers that are denied to the federal government, such as granting titles of nobility and passing ex post facto laws. This best demonstrates which of the following ideals of democracy?

A Natural rights

B Popular sovereignty

C Social contract theory

D Limited government

D Limited Government

In The Federalist 10, which of the following did James Madison argue would best control the negative effects of factions?

A A law that prohibits factions

B A small direct democracy

C A large unitary government

D A large federal republic

D A large federal republic

Which of the following is an accurate summary of James Madison's argument in The Federalist 10?

A A large republic presents more opportunities for groups to participate, compete, and limit each other.

B A large republic makes it possible to abolish factions and concentrate all power at the national level.

C A large republic allows the federal government to dominate the state governments through the necessary and proper clause.

D A large republic is a direct democracy where the people have a direct vote in policy matters, which controls factions.

A A large republic presents more opportunities for groups to participate, compete, and limit each other.

Which of the following best characterizes the general argument made in Brutus 1?

A A large republic would be preferable to a small one because more people could participate.

B A small republic would pose more danger to individual liberty than a large republic.

C A large republic is dangerous to personal liberty and undermines the states.

D A small republic is more susceptible to corruption than a large republic.

C A large republic is dangerous to personal liberty and undermines the states.

At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, delegates from larger states argued that each state's representation in the legislature should be proportional to its population. Smaller states argued that each state should have equal representation, regardless of population. The disagreement over representation threatened to derail the ratification of the United States Constitution. Which statement accurately describes the compromise that led to both sides reaching agreement?

A A bicameral legislature with an upper house selected by the lower house and the lower house representation proportional to each state's population

B A bicameral legislature with an upper house representing each state equally and a lower house with representation proportional to each state's population

C A unicameral legislature with equal representation for every state

D A unicameral legislature with representation proportional to each state's popu

B A bicameral legislature with an upper house representing each state equally and a lower house with representation

In order to appease competing views regarding how to select the chief executive, it was agreed at the Constitutional Convention that

A the president would be chosen directly by the people to ensure that the process adheres to the principles of democracy

B the president would be chosen by Congress since Congress has been elected and represents the will of the people

C the president would be chosen by a temporary group of electors, a process created as a result of compromise

D the president would be chosen by the Supreme Court because the Court is charged with making unbiased decisions

C the president would be chosen by a temporary group of electors, a process created as a result of compromise

In the 1950s Southern states attempted to prevent integration of their public schools. In return, the National Guard was sent to force states to implement federal regulations. This scenario illustrates which of the following about the relationship between the state and national governments?

A Most issues regarding education are settled at the state level.

B The Constitution gives state governments the exclusive power to interpret federal laws.

C The power of the national government to enforce state policy had been struck down by the Supreme Court.

D The debate over the role of the central government and state powers is ongoing.

D The debate over the role of the central government and state powers is ongoing.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the majority opinion of the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez (1995) ?

A The necessary and proper clause did not allow Congress to create the Bank of the United States.

B Congress may regulate commerce between the states.

C State governments can declare federal statutes unconstitutional if they conflict with state law.

D Congress may not use the commerce clause to make possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime.

D Congress may not use the commerce clause to make possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime.

Which of the following cases expanded the powers of Congress by defining the necessary and proper clause more broadly?

A United States v. Lopez (1995)

B McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

C Marbury v. Madison (1803)

D Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

B McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

The Gun-Free School Zones Act made it illegal for individuals knowingly to carry a gun in a school zone. The Supreme Court determined this act to be an unconstitutional stretch of the commerce clause in

A McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

B Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

C New York Times Company v. United States (1971)

D United States v. Lopez (1995)

D United States v. Lopez (1995)

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