health promotion

Define health (WHO)

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Behavioral Change Theory

Behavioral change theories in health promotion are frameworks that explain why and how people adopt healthy behaviors, providing strategies for interventions to improve health

Goal of client education

The main goals of client education are promoting and maintaining health, restoring health after illness or injury, and helping clients adapt to permanent health changes.

Primary Prevention

actions that keep people from becoming ill or injured in the first place

Immunizations and campaigns promoting seatbelt use

Interventions—health protection

Health promotion (e.g.,education)

Specific protection (e.g.,immunization)

Secondary Prevention

reduces the impact of a disease and focuses on detecting diseases as soon as possible to have most successful outcome

Screenings

Goal: identify individuals in early, detectable stage of disease

Tertiary Prevention

aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury—usually delivered in form of clinical services

Rehabilitation programs

Defect/disability permanent or irreversible (e.g., stroke)

Minimizing effect to prevent complications/deterioration

modifiable vs non-modifiable factors

Modifiable risk factors: factors that an individual can change through their own actions

For example, smoking, diet, and physical activity

Nonmodifiable risk factors: factors that cannot be changed by the individual

For example, age, genetics, and family history

health promotion strategies

building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services.

Social determinants of health

Economic Stability

Education Access and Quality.

Health Care Access and Quality

Neighborhood and Built Environment

Social and Community Context

Dimensions of health

physical, emotional, intellectual, social, spiritual, and environmental aspects of well-being, with some models also including occupational and financial dimensions

Physical: How the body functions and performs daily activities.

Example: Regular 30-minute walks, balanced meals, BP within target range.

Social cognitive theory

Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) applies health promotion by emphasizing how personal factors (like self-efficacy), environmental factors, and behaviors interact to influence health.

Boosting physical activity in adults with prediabetes

Smart goals

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely

Physical activity (prediabetes)

Goal: "I will walk 20 minutes after dinner on Mon/Wed/Fri for the next 4 weeks."

Measure: Log shows ≥12 walks in 4 weeks.

Track: Step counter or paper log.

Barrier plan: If it rains → do a 20-min indoor walking video.

Health equity

A value and a pledge to eliminate health inequities and their causes, most of which are rooted in the structural determinants of health

social justice, ethics, and human rights

Health Equality

refers to giving everyone the exact same level of access, care, and services, such as providing everyone with the same medical information or offering the same number of appointments.

Health Disparities

Measurable differences affecting disadvantaged population groups

due to sociodemographic factors such as sex, age, race/ethnicity, income, or geographic region

Healthy People 2030

The nation's blueprint for health;

continues to provide 10-year, evidence-based objectives for promoting health and preventing disease that serve as a guidepost for health promotion programming

Launched in 1980 and reissued every 10 years