Unit 3: Properties of Substances and Mixtures

london dispersion forces

weakest IMF

only nonpolar

dipole-dipole forces

only polar molecules

stronger than LDF

hydrogen bonding

stronger than dipole dipole

O-H N-H F-H

ionic forces

strongest, highest mp and bp

liquids with weaker IMF have higher what and lower what

high vapor pressure

low bp

ionic solids

crystal lattice, eaily shattered

molecular solids

molecoles together are weak

covalent network solids

super strong

diamonds, looks layered

how do you find partial pressure

partial pressure= moles of gas over total

what is temerpature

the average kinetic energy

what is effusiom

the escaping of molecules through a sma;; hole

how do you measure speech fo effusion

rate a/ rate b= sqrt molemass B/sqrt molecular mass of A, rate a should always be the lighter gas

heterogenous mixtures

substance you ca see with naked eye

homogeneous mixutre

things you cant see with naked eye

how do you calculate mole fraction

moles of substance over moles total

distillation

sperating mixtures through bp

chromatography

seperating components based on column speed

What are the effects of these radiations

UV/ visible light

Infrared radiation

Microwave

cause electrons to transition to diff energy level

cause molecules to vibrate

cause molecules to rotate

absorbance is directly proportional to

concentration

what should you do when graphing absorbance

• prepare a blank

• line up absorbance with calibration line

what are the causes of outliers

dot being too low means there is a water dilution

dot being too high are cuvettes having longer path

Write the colors to these ions

copper ions

nickle

iron

chromium

cobalt

blue

green

yellow/organge

yellow/orange

pink