grind ho

what is the aeoribic respiration equation?

C6H12O6 +6o2—→ 6Co2 +6H2o +ATP

glucose oxygen carbon dioxide water energy

what is the photosynthesis equation?

6CO2 +6H2o—→ C6H12o6 +6o2

carbon dioxide water glucose oxygen

describe the palisade mesophyll

its under the epidermis and packed with chlorophyll to absorb sunlight

describe the spongy mesophyll

contain chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis, airspaces between them help carbob dioxide diffuse

describe plant veins

contains xylem vessels to deliver water and phloem tubes to move out sugars from leaves

describe the lower epidermis

contains stomata to permit gases to diffuse in and out of mesophyll

describe the upper epidermis

is thin to maximise absorption of light by mesophyll cells

describe xylem

xylem in plants is called vascular tissue, xylem in vascular bundles is a long connection of tubes, each one consisting of long unbroken end to end chain of xylem vessels

describe phloem

explain the root system

uptake of ins is done by the roots and occurs through active transport, water is taken through the roots by osmosis, oxygen in soil air spaces enters the roots through diffusion

what is active transport?

movement of substances from a lower to higher concentration, requiring alot of ATP

what is diffusion?

movement of a substance from a high to low concentration until the two regions are balanced

what is osmosis?

movement of water from a lower solute to a higher solute concentration until the two regions have equal solute balance

what does the small intestine do?

absorbs nutrients through the villi

what does the large intestine do?

absorbs water and electrolytes, waste material goes through here

what type of digestive enzyme is protein and what monomer is produced

its a proteases and produces amino acids

what type of digestive enzyme is carbs and what monomer is produced

its a amylases and produces glucose

what type of digestive enzyme is lipids and what monomer it produces

lipases and it produces fatty acids an glycerol

what purpose does the lacteal serve in the villi

absorption of fatty acids and glycerol

what purpose does the capillaries serve in the villi

absorption of glucose, amino acids and vitamins

what is the function of the kidney?

produces urine to remove nitrogen waste, maintains salt/water levels in blood

what is the function of the ureter?

transport urine from kidneys to bladder

what is the function of the bladder?

stores urine

what is the function of nephrons?

filteration and absorption

what is the function of the glomerulus?

its a cluster of capillaries with tiny pores that filters

what is the bowmens capsule

surrounds the glomerulus to collect water and other substances that leaves blood at filteration

what is the function of the proximal tube?

its walls are thin and moist to aid with absorption , re absorps water by osmosis and other substances by active transport

what is in blood?

plasma, carbon dioxide, hormones, nitrogen waste, antibodies

what are the functions of red blood cells?

they have a bi concave shape for more SA vol and transport oxygen for aerobic respiration

what is the function of platelets?

is used for blood clotting

what is the structure and function of an artery?

tough outer layer, narrow lumen, transport blood at a high pressure to pump blood

what is the structure and function of a vein?

tough outer layer, wide lumen, one way valves to prevent backflow of blood, reduce resistance to blood flow back to heart

what is the structure and function of an capillary?

wall one cell thick, very narrow lumen, thin and moist for good diffusion when being extremely close to cells, reduces distance for exchange of materials

describe the lymphatic system

consists of one way valves and is an open ended circulatory system connected to the vena cava and contains no red blood

what does a heartbeat involve?

contractions of cardiac muscles and opening/closing of valves

pulmonary circulation is associated with…

the heart and lungs

systematic circulation is associated with…

limbs throughout the body

what is it that veins and arteries do

veins bring in blood, arteries bring out