napoleon and congress of vienna

Napoleon's coup d'etat

-troops surround national legislature and drive out its members
-dissolve directory and create the three consuls
-first peace in europe in 10 years

Lycees

-government-run public schools
-open to male students of all backgrounds
-basis of merit

Peninsular Wars

went through Spain to get to Portugal to get Portugal on board with the continental blockade; spain protested and king got replaced by his brother Joseph; guerrilla warfare

three consuls

Napoleon is one of them; kicks out other two eventually

Napoleon's downfall

-britain, russia, prussia, sweden join forces
-Leipzig; largest battle in europe prior to WWI, Napoleon lost
-April 1814, napoleon accepts surrender and exiled to island of Elba

concordat

the peace agreement made between Napoleon and the Pope following the chaos of the French Revolution; napoleon gains favor of church and the french people

saint domingue

sugar and coffee; Toussaint L'Overture helps colony achieve freedom from france

Significance of Napoleon crowning himself emperor

shows he is more powerful than the church

Napoleonic Code

uniform set of laws in the country
-limited liberty
-promoted order over individual rights
-speech and press restricted
-equality of all citizens before the law
-women had restricted rights

Continental System (start)

Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy

Continental System (end)

allies disregarded the blockade, british made their own blockade which was better

Louis XVIII

-brother of the king who was dethroned by joseph and becomes king after napoleon is exiled
-dissolved senate
-white terror

white terror

executing in mass those who were republicans, opposite to reign of terror (Robespierre)

Goals of the Congress of Vienna

-prevent french aggressoion
-restore the balance of power
-stability within states(monarchy)
-creates a stability between states
-restore Europe's royal families to power

Holy Alliance

Alliance among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in defense of religion and the established order; formed at Congress of Vienna by most conservative monarchies of Europe

"A bitter France is a dangerous France"

-if you anger the french too much right now, they may come back and do more damage, so instead of punishing them and pushing too far, help rebuild
-Metternich said this
-at the congress of Vienna we say this principle play out, france had a say in the negotiations and were not punished very harshly

Klemens von Metternich

-prince of austria
-plan for europe, five great powers (Russia, Prussia, Austria, Britain, France; he was the most influential)
-distrusted democratic ideas
-napoleon's behavior was natural outcome of experiments with democracy