IELTS READING 29/9 (2)

efficacy

Definition: The ability to produce the desired result or effect.
Pronunciation: /ˈef.ɪ.kə.si/
Part of speech: noun
Example: The efficacy of the vaccine was proven in trials.
Synonyms: effectiveness, efficiency, potency
Collocations: high efficacy, efficacy rate, efficacy study
Translation (Việt): Hiệu quả.

exacerbate

Definition: To make a problem or situation worse.
Pronunciation: /ɪɡˈzæs.ə.beɪt/
Part of speech: verb
Example: His rude comments only exacerbated the tension.
Synonyms: worsen, aggravate, intensify
Collocations: exacerbate the problem, exacerbate conflict, exacerbate condition
Translation (Việt): Làm trầm trọng thêm.

subsistence

Definition: The action or fact of maintaining oneself at a minimal level.
Pronunciation: /səbˈsɪs.təns/
Part of speech: noun
Example: Many families rely on subsistence farming.
Synonyms: survival, livelihood, existence
Collocations: subsistence farming, subsistence level, mere subsistence
Translation (Việt): Mức sống tối thiểu, sự tồn tại.

degradation

Definition: The process of something being damaged or reduced in quality.
Pronunciation: /ˌdeɡ.rəˈdeɪ.ʃən/
Part of speech: noun
Example: Soil degradation is a major issue for agriculture.
Synonyms: deterioration, decline, erosion
Collocations: environmental degradation, soil degradation, moral degradation
Translation (Việt): Sự suy thoái, xuống cấp.

monopoly

Definition: Complete control of a product or service by one company or group.
Pronunciation: /məˈnɒp.əl.i/
Part of speech: noun
Example: The company has a monopoly on the oil market.
Synonyms: control, dominance, exclusivity
Collocations: monopoly power, natural monopoly, create monopoly
Translation (Việt): Độc quyền.

in one's right

Definition: Having the legal or moral authority to do something.
Pronunciation: /ɪn wʌnz raɪt/
Part of speech: phrase
Example: She was in her right to refuse the offer.
Synonyms: entitled, justified, allowed
Collocations: in one’s right mind, in one’s right to do, perfectly in one’s right
Translation (Việt): Trong quyền hạn, có quyền làm.

replicate

Definition: To make an exact copy of something.
Pronunciation: /ˈrep.lɪ.keɪt/
Part of speech: verb
Example: The scientist replicated the experiment to confirm the results.
Synonyms: copy, reproduce, duplicate
Collocations: replicate results, replicate study, replicate pattern
Translation (Việt): Sao chép, nhân bản.

excel

Definition: To do very well or be exceptionally good at something.
Pronunciation: /ɪkˈsel/
Part of speech: verb
Example: She excels in mathematics.
Synonyms: shine, surpass, stand out
Collocations: excel at, excel in, excel oneself
Translation (Việt): Xuất sắc, vượt trội.

entrepreneur

Definition: A person who starts and runs a business, taking on risks.
Pronunciation: /ˌɒn.trə.prəˈnɜːr/
Part of speech: noun
Example: The young entrepreneur launched a successful startup.
Synonyms: businessperson, founder, innovator
Collocations: successful entrepreneur, social entrepreneur, young entrepreneur
Translation (Việt): Doanh nhân.

antagonism

Definition: Active opposition or hostility.
Pronunciation: /ænˈtæɡ.ə.nɪ.zəm/
Part of speech: noun
Example: There was clear antagonism between the two groups.
Synonyms: hostility, opposition, enmity
Collocations: show antagonism, growing antagonism, bitter antagonism
Translation (Việt): Sự đối kháng, thù địch.

plummet

Definition: To fall or drop suddenly and steeply.
Pronunciation: /ˈplʌm.ɪt/
Part of speech: verb
Example: The stock prices plummeted overnight.
Synonyms: fall, drop, decline
Collocations: plummet sharply, plummet suddenly, plummet in value
Translation (Việt): Lao dốc, rơi thẳng xuống.

plight

Definition: A dangerous, difficult, or unfortunate situation.
Pronunciation: /plaɪt/
Part of speech: noun
Example: The charity focuses on the plight of the homeless.
Synonyms: difficulty, hardship, predicament
Collocations: plight of refugees, plight of workers, difficult plight
Translation (Việt): Hoàn cảnh khó khăn.

dwindle

Definition: To gradually become smaller or less.
Pronunciation: /ˈdwɪn.dəl/
Part of speech: verb
Example: The town’s population dwindled over the years.
Synonyms: decrease, shrink, diminish
Collocations: dwindling resources, dwindling population, gradually dwindle
Translation (Việt): Thu nhỏ, suy giảm.

situate in

Definition: To place or position in a certain location.
Pronunciation: /ˈsɪtʃ.u.eɪt ɪn/
Part of speech: verb phrase
Example: The hotel is situated in the city center.
Synonyms: locate, place, position
Collocations: situate in town, situate in area, situate in building
Translation (Việt): Đặt, tọa lạc ở.

occupy

Definition: To live in or use a place; to fill a space.
Pronunciation: /ˈɒk.jʊ.paɪ/
Part of speech: verb
Example: The apartment is occupied by a family of four.
Synonyms: inhabit, fill, take up
Collocations: occupy land, occupy space, occupy position
Translation (Việt): Chiếm, ở, nắm giữ.

underwent

Definition: Past tense of undergo; to have experienced something.
Pronunciation: /ˌʌn.dəˈwent/
Part of speech: verb
Example: He underwent surgery last year.
Synonyms: experienced, endured, faced
Collocations: underwent change, underwent surgery, underwent process
Translation (Việt): Đã trải qua.

undergone

Definition: Past participle of undergo; to have experienced something.
Pronunciation: /ˌʌn.dəˈɡɒn/
Part of speech: verb
Example: The city has undergone major changes.
Synonyms: experienced, endured, completed
Collocations: undergone transformation, undergone test, undergone surgery
Translation (Việt): Đã trải qua, đã hoàn tất.

accessed from

Definition: Able to be reached or obtained from a certain place.
Pronunciation: /ˈæk.sest frɒm/
Part of speech: verb phrase
Example: The database can be accessed from anywhere online.
Synonyms: reached, obtained, entered
Collocations: accessed from home, accessed from abroad, accessed from device
Translation (Việt): Truy cập từ.

further

Definition: To a greater extent or in addition.
Pronunciation: /ˈfɜː.ðər/
Part of speech: adverb/verb
Example: He decided to study further to improve his skills.
Synonyms: additionally, more, advance
Collocations: further studies, further information, further develop
Translation (Việt): Thêm nữa, tiến xa hơn.