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aquatic
pertaining to water
aquatic life zone
marine and freshwater portions of the biosphere
benthos
botton-dwelling organisms
coastal zone
warm, nutrient-rich, shallow part of the ocean that extends from the high-tide mark on land to the edge of a shelflike extension of continental land masses known as the continental shelf
coastal wetland
Lang along a coastline, extending inland from an estuary that is covered with salt water all or part of the year
coral reef
formation produced by massive colonies containing billions of tiny coral animals, called polups, that secrete a stony substance (calcium carbonate) around themselves for protection
cultural eutrophication
overnourishment of aquatic ecosystems with plant nutrients (mostly nitrates and phospate) because of human activites such as ariculture, etc.
decomposer
organism that digests part of dead organisms, and cast-off fragments and wastes of living organisms by breaking down the complex organic molecules in those materials into sampler inorganic compounds and then absorbing the soluble nutrients.
drainage basin
the entire area drained by a stream and its tributaries
estuary
partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river where its freshwater, carrying fertile silt and runoff from the land, mixes with salty seawater
euphotic zone
upper later of a body of water through which sunlight can penetrate and support photosynthesis
eutrophic lake
lake with a large excessive supply of plant nutrients, mostly nitrates and phosphates
forest
biome with enough average annual precipitation to support the growth of tree species and smaller forms of vegetation
freshwater life zones
aquatic systems where water with a dissolved salt concentration of less than 1% by volume accumulates on or flows through the surface of terrestrial biomes
hypereutrophic
results of excessive inputs of nutrients in a lake
inland wetland
land away from the coast, such as a swamp, marsh or bog, that is covered by all or part of the time with freshwater
intertidal zone
the area of shoreline between low and high tides
lake
large natural body of standing freshwater formed when water from precipitation, land, or groundwater flow fills a depression in the earth created by glaciation, earth movement, volcanic activity, or a giant meteorite
mangrove swamps
Swamps found on the coastlines in warm tropical climates. They are dominated by mangrove trees, any of about 55 species of trees and shrubs that can live partly submerged in the salty environment of coastal swamps.
marine life zone
type of saltwater life zone
mesotrophic lake
lake with a moderate supply of plant nutrients
nekton
strongly swimming organisms found in aquatic systems
oligotrophic lake
lake with a low supply of plant nutrients
open sea
part of an ocean that lies beyond the continental shelf
plankton
Small plant organisms (phytoplankton) and animal organisms (zooplankton) that float in aquatic ecosystems
runoff
freshwater from precipitation and melting ice that flows on the earth’s surface into nearby streams, lakes, wetlands, and reservoirs
saltwater intrusion
movement of saltwater or backish (slighting salty) water into freshwater aquiers in coastlast and inland areas as groundwater is withdrawn faster than it is recharged by precipitation
saltwater life zones
aquatic life zones associated with oceans: oceans and their accompanying bays, estuaries, coastal wetlands, shorelines, coral reefs, and mangrove forests
stream
flowing body of surface water
surface water
precipitation that does not infiltrate the ground or return to the atmosphere by evaporation or transpiration
turbidity
cloudiness in a volume of water; a measure of water clarity in lakes and other bodies of water
watershed
land area that delivers water, sediments, and dissolved substances via small streams to a major stream (river)
wetland
land that is covered all or part of the time with salt water or freshwater, excluding streams, lakes, and the open ocean
zooplankton
animal plankton; small floating herbivores that feed on plant plankton (phytoplankton)