Crawford, Julie - "Protestant Reform and the Fashion Monster" in Marvelous Protestantism (2005)

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23 Terms

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Protestant Reform

A religious movement aiming to reform the practices and beliefs of the Catholic Church in 16th century Europe, leading to the establishment of various Protestant denominations.

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Monstrous Births

Births that result in deformed or abnormal offspring, often interpreted as signs of divine disapproval or a critique of societal behaviors.

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Luther's Pamphlet

A pamphlet published by Martin Luther in 1523 that used illustrations of monstrous births as propaganda against the Catholic Church.

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The Monk Calf

A legendary deformed calf born as a critique of monasticism and Catholic practices, symbolizing the failures of religious institutions.

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Fashion Monsters

Deformed beings born during the Reformation era that reflected societal concerns about excessive fashion and materialism, often serving as moral warnings.

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Elizabethan Religious Settlement

The series of laws and doctrines established under Queen Elizabeth I that aimed to unify England after the religious turmoil of the Reformation.

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Vestiarian Controversy

Debates in the 16th century regarding appropriate church vestments, focusing on their religious significance versus their secular implications.

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Transnaturing Power of Clothing

The belief that clothing can influence one’s identity and social standing, and the capacity of garments to convey divine judgment or societal norms.

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Superstitious Beliefs

Traditional beliefs that ascribe supernatural powers or significance to objects or rituals, often critiqued by early Protestants.

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Memento Mori

A reminder of human mortality, often depicted in literature and art to encourage reflection on one’s life and eventual death.

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Preaching Through Monsters

The use of stories about monstrous births as a form of moral instruction or religious admonition during the Protestant Reformation.

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Discredited Catholic Beliefs

Beliefs held by Catholics that were rejected by Protestant reformers, often relating to the efficacy of rituals, vestments, and material objects.

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Reformation

A historical period in the 16th century where attempts to reform the Catholic Church led to the emergence of Protestantism.

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Martin Luther

A key figure in the Reformation who challenged the Catholic Church's practices and initiated reforms through his writings and actions.

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95 Theses

A list of propositions written by Martin Luther in 1517 condemning corrupt practices of the Catholic Church, particularly the sale of indulgences.

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Indulgence

A remission of the temporal punishment due for sins after absolution, often sold by the Catholic Church, sparking controversy during the Reformation.

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Protestant Denominations

Religious groups that broke away from the Catholic Church during the Reformation, including Lutherans, Calvinists, and Anglicans.

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Theocracy

A system of governance in which priests rule in the name of God, often seen in some Protestant communities during the Reformation.

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Counter-Reformation

The Catholic Church's response to the Reformation that aimed to reform the church and combat Protestantism through internal changes and external actions.

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Council of Trent

An ecumenical council held between 1545 and 1563 that addressed reforms in the Catholic Church and clarified Catholic doctrines.

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Scripture Alone (Sola Scriptura)

A key principle of Protestant Reformers stating that the Bible alone is the ultimate authority in matters of faith and practice.

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Grace Alone (Sola Gratia)

A principle emphasizing that salvation comes solely through God's grace, rather than human efforts.

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Faith Alone (Sola Fide)

The belief that faith in Jesus Christ is the only means of obtaining salvation.