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Plumbing

Art and science of CREATING AND MAINTAINING SANITARY CONDITIONS in buildings used bu humans

Plumbing System

The plumbing system of the building that includes WATER SUPPLY PIPES; FIXTURE, TRAPS, SOIL WASTE AND VENT PIPES, BUILDING DRAIN AND BUILDING DRAIN SEWER, STORM WATER DRAINAGE.

Water Supply System

System in plumbing that PROVIDES AND DISTRIBUTES WATER to different parts of the building.

Drainage System

All PIPING that CONVEYS SEWAGE, RAINWATER AND LIQUID WASTE to a point of disposal

Sanitary Drainage and Vent Piping System

Installed to REMOVE WASTEWATER and WATERBORNE WASTE from fixtures and appliances, and to provide CIRCULATION.

Sanitary Drainage Pipes

PIPES installed to REMOVE WASTEWATER from fixture

Ventilation System

System of pipes for PROVIDING CIRCULATION OF AIR to prevent siphonage and backpressure

Soil Pipe

PIPE that conveys LIQUID WASTE containing FECAL MATTER.

Waste Pipe

PIPE that conveys LIQUID WASTE WITHOUT FECAL MATTER

Indirect Waste

Pipe that DOES NOT CONNECT DIRECTLY with drainage system. (Discharges via AIR BREAK AND AIR GAP)

Sewage

Liquid waste CONTAINING ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE MATTER either in suspension or solution

Drain

PIPE that carries GROUND AND SURFACE WATER, STORM WATER, WASTEWATER to the building drainage system

Storm Drainage System

System of pipes for removing STORM WATER, RAINWATER, SURFACE RUN OFF and UNDERGROUND SEEPAGE from rain.

Water Supply Distribution System

COLD and HOT water supply system

Sanitary Piping System

SOIL, WASTE (Direct and Indirect waste pipe system) VENT SYSTEM, HOUSE DRAIN, SEWER, DRAINAGE CLEANOUTS, PLUMBING TRAPS, VALVES, STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM, SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM, PLUMBING FIXTURES

Air Break

PHYSICAL SEPARATION between WASTE PIPE and INDIRECT WASTE RECEPTOR.

Air Gap

UNOBSTRUCTED VERTICAL DISTANCE between the OUTLET of faucet and FLOOD LEVEL of rim

Angle Valve

Valve where inlet and outlet are at 90 DEG to one another.

Backflow

Flow of water in REVERSE DIRECTION

Back Pressure

Pressure GREATER than the atmospheric pressure

Back Siphonage

Flowing by NEGATIVE PRESSURE of CONTAMINATED WATER.

Backwater Valve

device that PREVENTS REVERSE FLOW of STORM or SEWAGE into the drainage system.

Ball Valve

Valve where liquid is controlled by a ROTATING DRILLED BALL

Battery of Fixtures

group of TWO or MORE similar adjacent fixture which DISCHARGE IN COMMON HORIZONTAL waste or soil BRANCH

Bell or Hub

ENLARGED END PORTION or pipe to receive another pipe.

Bibb

Faucet, cock, plug tap or spigot

Bidet

Fixture for bathing the EXTERNAL GENITALS

Branch

HORIZONTAL PIPES, any other piping system other the main, riser or stack.

Branch Interval

VERTICAL length of SOIL or WASTE STACK where HORIZONTAL branches are connected.

Building DRAIN/ House drain

Part of the horizontal piping system that receives discharge from soil and waste inside a building and CONVEYS IT TO HOUSE SEWER (Receives waste and conveys it to House Sewer)

Building/ house SEWER

part of the drainage system that EXTENDS FROM THE END OF THE BUILDING DRAIN and conveys it to PUBLIC SEWER or PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL. (Conveys it either to Public drain or septic tank)

Building Supply Pipe

FIRST SECTION of a WATER SUPPLY system after the WATER METER.

Caulking/ Cogging/ Calking

PLUGGING AN OPENING either with oakum or lead, pounded into annular spaces. (Sealing pipes to make it water-tight)

Cesspool

Non- watertight excavation designed to RETAIN ORGANIC MATTER but permits liquid to SEEP through the sides.

Cleanout

Fitting with REMOVABLE plate to allow access for cleaning or inspection

Conductor or Leader

part of the ROOFING or GUTTER system that takes storm water to an area of disposal.

Cross Connection

Physical CONNECTION between to SEPARATE water supply system which allows water supply to flow FROM ONE SYSTEM TO ANOTHER.

Deadend

EXTENDED portion of a pipe, closed at one end.

Diameter

Nominal commercial standard for determining pipe size

Developed Length

LENGTH ALONG CENTER LINE OF PIPES AND FITTINGS

Downspout

VERTICAL PORTION of rainwater conductor

Drainage fixture unit

Common measure of probable discharge by various plumbing fixture.

DWV

Abbreviation for DRAINAGE, WASTE and VENT

Faucet

Valve where WATER CAN BE DRAWN.

Fixture

Receptacle which waste or water MAY BE COLLECTED.

Flood Level

Level at which fixture begins to OVERFLOW

Flow Rate

VOLUME OF WATER USED by a fixture in a given amount of time. (in gallons per minute - gpm)

Flush Valve

Device for FLUSHING water closets and fixtures

Flushometer Valve

Device that discharges a PREDETERMINED quantity of water, actuated by direct water pressure.

Full Bath

Bath that contains WATER CLOSET, LAVATORY and BATH TUB

Gate Valve

Valve where flow of water is cut off by a CIRCULAR DISK fitting against MACHINE SMOOTHED SURFACES at RIGHT ANGLE to the flow.

Globe Valve

Valve where flow of water is cut off by a CIRCULAR DISK fitting against a VALVE SEAT PARALLEL to the flow.

Gooseneck

Return bend of small sized faucet.

Half Bath

Bath containing WATER CLOSET AND LAVATORY ONLY

Hose Bibb

Faucet where HOSE can be attached

Indirect Waste Pipe

Waste pipe that DOES NOT CONNECT DIRECTLY with the drainage system.

Insanitary

Condition CONTRARY to sanitary principles

Lavatory

Fixture for washing face

Main

PRINCIPAL PIPE where branches may be connected

Main Vent/ Vent Stack

VERTICAL VENT PIPE for the purpose of providing air circulation.

Manhole

Opening in a plumbing system where ENTRY of MAN is POSSIBLE.

Pipe

Cylindrical conduit or conductor.

Plumbing Fixture/ Sanitary Ware

Receptacle where water or wastes MAY BE COLLECTED for DISCHARGE to the plumbing system.

Potable Water

Water used for CULINARY, DOMESTIC and DRINKING PURPOSES (Clean water)

Privy

Outhouse structure for collecting excrata.

Public Sewer

Common sewer controlled by PUBLIC AUTHORITY.

Riser

VERTICALLY placed pipe for WATER SUPPLY ONLY.

Roughing-in

Installation of parts, completed PRIOR TO INSTALLATION OF FIXTURES.

Septic Tank

Watertight receptacle designed to digest ORGANIC DISCHARGE through a period of detention.

Sewer

PIPE for CARRYING SEWAGE AND WASTEWATER.

Siphonage

SUCTION of liquid in pipes; pressure LESS THAN the atmospheric pressure.

Soil Stack

VERTICALLY placed pipe for SOIL PIPES ONLY

Spigot

End of a pipe which FITS INTO A BELL, also a faucet.

Stack

VERTICAL line of pipes for SOIL, WASTE AND VENT PIPES ONLY.

Sump

Tank below receiving liquid waste or sewage that MUST BE PUMPED to a higher receiving point.

Trap

Provides a SEAL that prevents BACKFLOW and passage of FOUL AIR.

Vent Pipe

Pipes used for ensuring CIRCULATION OF AIR in plumbing system.

Vent Stack/ Main Vent

VERTICAL VENT PIPE

Water Distributing Pipes

Pipe that conveys POTABLE WATER to the building supply pipe and fixtures

Water Main

Water supply pipe provided by the WATER UTILITY COMPANY.

Water Service Pipe

FIRST after the water main BEFORE the water meter.

Yoke vent

Pipe connecting UPWARD from a SOIL OR WASTE STACK.

Water

Most basic fundamental component of life on earth; universal solvent.

Heat Capacity

ability of HEAT ABSORPTION without being much warmer (Properties of Water)

Surface Tension

Ability to STICK itself and PULL itself together (Properties of Water)

Capillarity

Ability to CLIMB UP a surface against the pull of gravity (Properties of Water)

Dissolving Ability

Ability to DISSOLVE any substance (Properties of Water)

Natural Water

Water readily found in nature

Purified Water

Water that went treatment either physical, biological or chemical means.

Contaminated Water

Water With SUBSTANCE that affects its quality

Polluted Water

Water with the presence of FOREIGN substance

Hard Water

Water with ELEMENTS such as Calcium and Magnesium

Soft Water

Water WITHOUT ELEMENTS such as CA and MG

Grey Water

Water from LAUNDRIES, BASINS, SINKS, SHOWER, TUBS

Black Water

Water with HUMAN WASTE

Storm Water

Surface run off from RAIN.

Turbidity

Presence of SUSPENDED MATERIALS (Physical Characteristic)

Color

Change in color through DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER (Physical Characteristic)

Taste and Odor

Can be caused by ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, INORGANIC salts or dissolved GASES. (Physical Characteristic)

Temperature

50 and 60 deg F is the preferred temperature (Physical Characteristic)