Key Terms: Letter B

Balmer Lines

A set of spectral lines in the visible spectrum emitted by hydrogen atoms when an electron transitions from a higher energy level to the second energy level.

Batteries

Devices that store chemical energy and convert it into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, providing a source of electric current.

Beta Decay

A type of radioactive decay in which a neutron in an unstable nucleus transforms into a proton. An Electron and antineutrino are emitted in the process

Beta Emission

Happens during Beta Decay. Refers to the emission of an Electron from the particle

Binding Energy

The energy required to disassemble a nucleus into its constituent protons and neutrons, or the energy released when a nucleus is formed from these particles.

Bohr Model

An atomic model that describes electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed, quantized energy levels, with energy absorbed or emitted when electrons transition between these levels.

Boltzmann Constant

A physical constant that relates the average kinetic energy of particles in a gas to the temperature, and its value is approximately 1.38 × 10⁻²³ J/K.

Boundary Conditions

The constraints or specified values that define the behavior of a physical system at its boundaries, such as fixed positions, temperatures, or velocities, in solving physics problems.