HTH 100 exam 2 Jordan McCann

emotional support

caring, love, trust, empathy

instrumental support

help and service

informational support

advice, suggestions, information

belonging support

sharing activities and sense of belonging

social support, we receive this through our contact with others

what type of support do friends often provide us?

social network

a constellation of neighbors, relatives, classmates, coworkers, and friends

social capital

the collective value of all the people in your social network and the likelihood of those people providing social support when you need it

1 in 5

how many Americans report that they feel lonely?

single, male and young middle aged (25-40)

who has the highest levels of loneliness?

relational connectedness

comes from mutually rewarding face to face contact

collective connectedness

the feeling that you are part of a group beyond yourself

intimate relationships

those with family members, close friends, and romantic partners characterized yb

behavioral interdependence

need fullfillment

emotional attachment

emotional availability

behavioral interdependence

mutual impact; reciperol

need fulfillment

intimacy

social intergration

nurturance

assistance

affirmation

emotional attachment

affection, love, and connection

emotional availability

able to give and receive emotionally without fear

Accountability

both partners are responsible for their own decisions, choices, and actions

self nurturance

development of individual potential through a balanced and realistic appreciation of self-worth and ability

self esteem and self concept

affect the ability to nurture yourself and maintain healthy relationships with others, and include the way you define yourself (self concept)

your perception and acceptance of yourself influences your relationship choices.

How does accepting yourself affect your relationships?

family

group of people with roles, takes, boundaries, and personalities whose central focus is to protect, care for, love, and socialize with one another

family of origin

people present in our household during our first years of life-- usually parents and siblings

from these people we initially learn about feelings, problem solving, love, intimacy, and gender roles

friendships

maintaining strong friendships is a predictor of your success in establishing romantic relationships.

what the first relationship we form outside our immediate families?

fasciination

exclusivity

sexual desire

giving the utmost

being a champion or advocate

what characteristics do significant others/partners have other than what it shares with friendship

three main sections: passion, commitment and intimacy

on top is intimacy: liking= intimacy only

then bottom left: passion infacturation = passion only

then bottom right is commitment: empty love = commitment only

in between realms:

romantic love = intimacy and passion

companionate love = commitment and intimacy

fatuous love= passion and commitment

Sternbergs traingular theory of love explain:

love and attraction are based on brain circuitry and chemist.

what is fisher's theory of love?

imprinting

our evolutionary patterns, genetic predispositions, and past experiences trigger a romantic reaction

attraction

neurochemical produce feelings of euphoria and elation

attachment

endorphins cause lovers to feel peaceful secure and calm

oxytocin

what is the production of a "cuddle chemical"

passive

selective

active

what are the three listening models

passive listening

occurs when we are listening but not providing either verbal or nonverbal feedback to the speaker

selective listening

occurs when we are engaged but listening only for information that supports what we already believe

active listening

occurs when we not only hear the words but also are trying to understand what is really being said

become better listener

use nonverbal communicaiton

managing conflict through communication

how can we build our communication skills?

dependability

ability to rely on your partners emotional support in all situations patiruclary those in which you feel threatened or hurt

predictability

ability to predict your partners behavior on past actions

faith

belief that your partner has positive intentions and behaviors

communication

predictability

dependability

faith

characteristics of healthy relationships:

monogamy

exclusive sexual involvement with one partner

serial monogamy

a nonoverlapping series of monogamous sexual relationships

open relationships

a relationship in which partners agree that sexual involvement can occur outside the relationship

Cohabitation

intimate partners living together without being married

Common Law marriage

cohabitation lasting a designated period of time (usually 7 years) that is considered legally binding in some states

staying single

• Of women aged 20 to 34, 54 percent have never been married according to data from the most recent census.

• Of men aged 20 to 34, 64 percent remain unmarried.

mongamy

serial monogmay

open relationships

cohabitation

common law marriage

staying single

what are other types of relationships

sexual identity

recognition of oneself as a sexual being and is determined by a complex interaction of factors

intersexuality

all eggs carry an X chromosome

sperm carry an X or Y chromosome

this occurs when chromosomes are added, absent, or rearranged resulting in sex characteristics that do not match the "typical" binary sexes

male gonads = testes

female gonads = ovaries

what are the male and female gonads?

gender

psychological condition of being famine or masculine as defined by the society in which one lives in

gender identity

a person's inner concept of being masculine, feminie, or neither

gender expression

transgender which is the sex assigned at birth does not math their gender identity

mtf ftm

cisgender-- sex assigned at birth matching their gender identity

sexual orientation

a person's romantic. sexual, emotional, or affectionate attraction to another persons

heterosexual

same sex

bisexual

more

(gay lesbian and bisexual are targets to hate crimes)

what are different sexual orientations?

menarche

first menstrual period (9-18)

body fat influences onset of puberty

menstrual cycle

"average" 28 days long

Proliferative

secretory

menstrual

what are the three stages of the menstrual cycle?

estrogens and progesterone

what do ovaries produce?

premenstrual syndrome

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

dysmenorrhea

toxic shock syndrome

what are the different menstrual problems that can occur?

menopause

permanent cessation of menstruation

generally occurs between ages of 40 and 60

accompanied by decreased vaginal libricatoin, hot flashes, headaches, dizziness, and joint pain

proliferative (follicular) phase

estrogen increases and endometrium proliferates (cells building new tissue) after this ovulation occurs

secretory (luteal) phase

estrogen and progesterone decreases suddenly, the endometrium thickens, secretion and blood supply increases, and follicle manufactures progesterone

menstrual phase

the surface of endometrium is sloughed off and bleeding occurs

excitement/arousal -- vasocongestion

plateau phase-- nipples and penis erect

orgasmic phase-- muscles contract

resolution phase-- profound relaxation

refractory period-- genital organs return to their pre-arousal state

men and women experience the same stages but length of time spent in any one stage varies

what are the stages of the human sexual response cycle? and what basically happens

freely given: can't be blackmailed, or forced, or tricked into saying yes

reversible: can change their mind at any time

informed: know what they are consenting to

enthusiastic: you want to do it, not guilt or pressured into it

specific: saying yes to one thing is not saying yes to another or all things

what five things need to be done to give consent?

testes

produce sperm and testosterone-- located in the scrotum

Epididmyis

stores and matures sperm before they are ejaculated-- coiled tube attached to the testes

vas deferens

carries matures sperm from epididymis to the urethra during ejaculation -- long muscular tube thats connects the epididymis to the urethra

prostate gland

processes a fluid that nourishesses and helps transport sperm during ejaculation-- located just below the bladder and surrounds the urethra

penis

The male organ for sexual intercourse and serves as conduit for sperm and semen

Ovaries

produce eggs and female sex hormones, including estrogen and progesterone-- located on either side of the pelvis, near the hip bones

Fallopian tube

transports eggs from ovary to uterus and where fertilization of the egg from sperm typically occurs-- extend from the ovaries to the uterus

uterus

fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus during pregnancy located in the pelvis between bladder and rectum

cervix

allows passage between uterus and vagina

vagina

birth canal for delivering baby and site for sexual intercourse

labia

provided protection for clitoris, vaginal opening, and urethra

clitoris

high sensitive organ involved in sexual arousal

birth control

refers to anything that prevents the likelihood of pregnancy

Contraception

refers to decides, drugs, or behaviors that prevent conception

conception

sperm reaches an egg, usually in the Fallopian tube

perfect use failure rate

the number of pregnancies (per 100 users) that are likely to occur in the first year of use of a particular birth control method if the method is used consistently and correctly

typical-use failure rate

the number of pregnancies (per 100 users) that are likely to occur in the first year of use of a particular birth control method if the method's use is not consistent or always correct

barrier methods

hormonal methods

intrauterine methods

behavioral methods

permanent methods

what are different contraceptive methods?

barrier methods

contraceptive methods that block the meeting of egg and sperm by means of physical barrier

ex: condom

chemical barrier-- spermicide

hormonal methods

contracpetive methods that introduce synthetic hormones into a woman's body to prevent toculation, thicken cervical mucus, or prevent a fertilized egg from planting

(does not prevent STIs)

intrauterine methods

contraceptive methods that insert a device into the uterus to either introduce synthetic hormones or interfere with sperm movement or egg fertilization

behavioral methods

temporary or permanent abstinence or planning intercourse in accordance with fertility patterns

permanent methods

surgically altering a man's or woman's reproductive system to permanently prevent pregnancy

emergency contraception

used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. most effective effective up to 72 hours (3 days) after the condom breaks, sexual assault, or unprotected sex.

can still be used up to 5 days.

affects 1 in 10 American couples

causes:

polycystic ovary syndrome is the leading cause (PCOS)

obesity is risk factor for PCOS, increases level of estrogen in the body, can cause ovulatory disorders which inhibit pregnancy

endometriosis

pelvic inflammatory disease

causes in men

low sperm count

what is the statistics and causes in women for infertility?

fertility drugs: stimulate ovulation in women who are not ovulating. side effects include headache, fatigue, and hot flashes. can trigger the release of more than one egg

alternative insemination: a women inseminated with partner's sperm or sperm obtained through a sperm bank (known as in vitro fertilization or IVF)

assisted reproductive technology: intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) sperm is injected into egg. gamete intrafallopian transfer "harvest" egg and place in Fallopian tube with

what are some infertility treatments

20 percent of US popualtion

1 in 5 had STI in 2018

half of those cases are made up of 15-25year olds

approximately 1 in 2 sexually active young adults will have an STI at some point by the time they are 25

what are the statistics of STI's in the US

high risk behaviors

unprotected vaginal, anal, and oral sex-- any activity that involves direct contact with bodily fluids, such as ejaculate, vaginal secretion, or blood-- are high-risk behaviors

moderate risk behaviors for transmission of STIs

vaginal, anal, or oral sex with a latex or polyurethane condom and a water based lubricant used properly and consistently can greatly reduce the risk of STI transmission

dental dams used during oral sex can also greatly reduce the risk of STi transmission

low risk behaviors for transmission

mutual masturbation, if there are no cuts on the hand, penis, or vagina

rubbing, kidding, and massaging, but herpes can be spread by skin to skin contact from an infected partner

no risk behaviors

abstinence, phone sex, talking, and fantasy

Chlamydia

what is the most common bacterial Sti in the US

chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis: bacterial

herpes, HPV, genital warts: viral

what are the common types of STI's which are bacterial and viral

chlamydia symptoms

Painful urination, discharge for men

women tend to be asymptomatic

if detected early can be treated with antibiotics

gonorrhea symptoms

male-burning when urinating, white milky discharge

female usually do not experience symptoms but when do painful to pee and occasionally vaginal discharge