Urologic Problems Lecture Notes

A collection of flashcards covering key vocabulary from lecture notes on urologic problems and disorders.

Obstructive Urologic Disorders

Conditions causing blockage in the urinary system that can lead to further complications.

Hematuria

Blood in urine.

Azotemia

High nitrogen in blood.

Oliguria

Urine output less than 0.5 ml/kg/hr, indicating poor kidney function.

Proteinuria

Elevated protein in urine, indicating possible kidney injury.

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

A test used to assess kidney function.

Renal Pelvis

The part of the kidney where urine collects before moving to the ureter.

Ureter

A tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Bladder cancer

Malignant growth in the bladder that can cause obstruction.

Neurogenic bladder

Bladder dysfunction due to neurological impairment.

Prostatic hyperplasia

Benign enlargement of the prostate that can obstruct urine flow.

Hydroureter

Swelling of the ureter due to urine backflow.

Hydronephrosis

Swelling of the kidney due to urine buildup.

Post-renal kidney failure

Kidney failure caused by obstructed urine flow.

Nephrolithiasis

Formation of kidney stones or renal calculi.

Cystine stones

A type of kidney stone formed from cystine, an amino acid.

Calcium stones

The most common type of kidney stones, formed from calcium.

Uric acid stones

Kidney stones formed from uric acid, often associated with gout.

Struvite stones

Kidney stones formed in response to urinary infections.

Acute renal colic

Severe pain associated with kidney stones.

IV Narcotics

Intravenous medications such as Morphine and Hydromorphone used for pain relief.

Thiazide diuretics

Medications used to prevent calcium stones by promoting diuresis.

Antibiotics

Medications used to treat bacterial infections, including those causing struvite stones.

Allopurinol

A medication used to lower uric acid levels and prevent uric acid stones.

Urinary system protective mechanisms

Body defenses that maintain urinary tract health, including urine acidity.

CAUTIS

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

Ascending Pattern

The pathway of UTI infection from the perineum to the kidneys.

Dysuria

Painful urination.

Cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder, often from infection.

CVA tenderness

Costovertebral angle tenderness, a sign of kidney issues.

Sepsis

Severe systemic response to an infection that can be life-threatening.

Elderly patients

Individuals, often over 65 years old, at higher risk for complications from UTI.

Diabetics

Individuals with diabetes, who may have a compromised immune response to infections.

Prognosis

The likely course or outcome of a disease.

Administration of ABX

Giving antibiotics as a treatment for infections.

Atypical UTI presentation

Uncommon symptoms of UTI in specific populations, like children or the elderly.

Anorexia

Loss of appetite, which can be a symptom of multiple health issues.

Treatment regimens for UTI

Protocols that outline the use of antibiotics to manage urinary tract infections.

Bactrim

An antibiotic used for treating uncomplicated UTI and coverage for MRSA.

Sulfa drug

A category of antibiotics that inhibit folate synthesis in bacteria.

Metabolized by liver

Refers to the process of drugs being processed in the liver.

CYP450

A family of enzymes important for drug metabolism.

Excreted in urine

Refers to the elimination of substances from the body via the urine.

Safe in pregnancy

Refers to medications that can be used without harming the fetus after the first trimester.