soc sci images >:(

What two objects lie in the troposphere?

Hot Air Balloon and Passenger Plane

What object lies in the stratosphere?

Radiosonde

What two things lie in the mesosphere?

Meteors and Meteorological Rocket

What thing lies in the thermosphere?

Auroras

What two things lie in the exosphere?

Spaceship and Satellite

What is the temperature range for the troposphere?

15 to -56.5°C

What is the temperature range for the stratosphere?

-56.5 to -2.5°C

What is the temperature range for the mesosphere?

-2.5 to -86.5°C

What is the temperature range for the thermosphere?

-86.5 to 1200°C

What is the temperature for the exosphere?

1200°C

What is the range of heights for the troposphere?

0 to 12-18 km

What is the range of heights for the stratosphere?

11 to 50 km

What is the range of heights for the mesosphere?

40-50 to 80-90 km

What is the range of heights for the thermosphere?

80-90 to 800 km

What is the range of heights for the exosphere?

800 to 3000 km

Ozone destruction takes place in what layer of the atmosphere?

stratosphere

What substances/compounds do volcanoes release?

SO2, CO2, Ash, HCl, HF

Acid Rain occurs in what layer of the atmosphere?

troposphere

SO2 is converted to what compound in the atmosphere?

H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)

How many key terms are in the volcano picture? (it’s quite a bit…)

Photochemistry, Injection, Dispersion, Nucleation, Condensation, Coagulation, Sedimentation, Circulation, Cirrus Cloud Nucleation, Ozone Destruction, Albedo, Acid Rain

What radiation is emitted by the Earth’s surface?

Infrared radiation

The N-TREND2015: Summer Temperature Reconstruction measures temperature anomalies using tree rings in what part of the globe?

Northern Hemisphere

A German calendar printed in 1594 had space for the user to do what?

Record weather conditions

Who made this painting, and what is the name of it?

Hendrick Avercamp, Winter Landscape with Skaters

What is the name of this Swiss town?

Grindelwald

who is this handsome fella here?

Christian Pfister

What system/period are we currently in?

Quaternary period

What is the name for the first stage of the lower/early Pleistocene?

Gelasian

What is the name for the second stage of the lower/early Pleistocene?

Calabrian

What is the name for the middle Pleistocene?

Chibanian

What is the name for the upper/late Pleistocene?

Stage 4

What eon are we currently in?

Phanerozoic

What era are we currently in?

Cenozoic

What month and year did the AWG recommend that the Anthropocene Epoch be made a formal interval within the International Chronostratigraphic Chart?

August 2016

The AWG is a special body created within what other overseeing body?

International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS)

The AWG recommended the Anthropocene Epoch start on this year.

1950

From 11,000 years ago to today, the total range of degrees centigrade is what?

6°C

How long ago was the climatic optimum in the past 11,000 years?

~6,500 years ago

What civilizations was present during the climatic optimum?

Egypt and Mesopotamia early civilization

Rome conquered the world around how many years ago?

2,000 years ago

The northern hemisphere underwent a lot of permafrost ranging from North America to Asia and Europe. Permafrost zones contained what 5 markings for different wedges?

Ice-wedge pseudomorph, Ice-wedge pseudomorph (undefined), Relict sand wedge, Relict sand wedge (undefined), Ice-wedge pseudomorph or Sand Wedge

Ice-wedge pseudomorph (undefined) was distributed mostly in what continent?

Europe

Ice-wedge pseudomorph was distributed mostly in what continent?

North America

Where in Greenland is NGRIP2 located at?

North-Central Greenland

What other ice core samples/sites were in Greenland besides NGRIP2?

Camp Century, NEEM, EGRIP, GISP2, GRIP, Renland, DYE-3

What continent did humans originate from?

Africa

How many years ago was Africa populated?

160,000 years ago

How many years ago was the Middle East populated?

85,000 years ago

How many years ago was Central Europe populated?

40,000 years ago

How many years ago was Australia populated?

65,000 years ago

How many years ago was Southeast Asia populated?

75,000 years ago

How many years ago was Papua New Guinea populated?

40,000 years ago

How many years ago was North America populated?

25,000 years ago

How many years ago was South America populated?

14,000 years ago

These bronze axe heads originated in what location?

Mesopotamia

From 18,000 years ago to today, how much would you say the Laurentide Ice Sheet shrunk by?

more than 60%

The greatest extent of the Laurentide Ice Sheet reached what present-day country?

Lower Canada/ Upper United States

A sediment sample from what cave in northeast India allowed for the date to mark the Late Holocene?

Mawmluh Cave, Meghalaya

The spread of agriculture pre 9,000 B.C. occurred in what two modern day countries?

Syria and Israel

This bronze head depicts a ruler from what empire?

Akkadian

This artifact from around 3100 BCE is from what civilization?

Egypt

The picture depicts the remains of what city in the Indus Valley built around 2500 BCE.?

Mohenjo-Daro

This ugly ah baby was made from 9th to 12th century BCE in what empire?

Olmec

When did the Roman emperor Trajan die?

117 AD

What rivers flowed through the Roman empire in AD 117?

Rhine, Seine, Po, Tagus, Danube, Tigris, Euphrates, Nile

What were the five markers depicted throughout the extent of the Roman Empire in AD 117?

Pre-Caesarian colony, Caesarian colony, Caesarian municipium, Augustan colony, Augustan municipium

Name me every single Chinese Dynasty in order NEOW!!! (jkjk just know last 4 and first 3 tho plz)

Xia, Shang, Zhou, “Spring and Autumn“ period, Warring States period, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, “Five Dynasties and Ten States“ period, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing

This bell is from what Chinese dynasty?

Zhou Dynasty

What was the first Chinese Dynasty?

Xia Dynasty

What was the last Chinese Dynasty?

Qing Dynasty

What was the shortest Chinese Dynasty of only 14 years?

Qin Dynasty

What was the longest Chinese Dynasty of 794 years?

Zhou Dynasty

This map of the world from 1573 is from what country?

Portugal

This picture from Ming China was drawn by who?

Tang Yin

The Sahel region in Africa includes 11 countries which are?

Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia

St. Augustine in Florida was settled by the Spanish in what year?

1565

What is this national monument in St. Augustine, Florida? (this is not the exact pic in the guide)

Castillo de San Marco (1672-1695)

In the start of the U.S.’s energy consumption in 1850, what was their largest source of fuel?

Renewable energy

When was nuclear electric power utilized by the U.S.?

~1970s

What does BRICS stand for?

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

What does OECD refer to?

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

The Great Acceleration notes these 12 socio-economic trends.

World Population, Real GDP, Foreign Direct Investment, Urban Population, Primary Energy Use, Fertilizer Consumption, Large Dams, Water Use, Paper Production, Transportation, Telecommunications, International Tourism

The Great Acceleration notes these 12 Earth system trends.

Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, Methane, Stratospheric Ozone, Surface Temperature, Ocean Acidification, Marine Fish Capture, Shrimp Aquaculture, Coastal Nitrogen, Tropical Forest Loss, Domesticated Land, Terrestrial Biosphere Degradation

Around what decade did the average global temperatures and carbon dioxide exceed the 20th-century average?

1970s

Before the average global temperature started rising above the 20th-century average, in what decade was there a tiny spike to above the 20th-century average?

1870s

The top 10 oil producers produced a combined how many million barrels per day?

73.36 million

The total world production of oil is how many million barrels per day?

99.89 million

What is the top 10 largest oil producers ranked from top to bottom?

1) United States

2) Saudi Arabia

3) Russia

4) Canada

5) China

6) Iraq

7) United Arab Emirates

8) Brazil

9) Iran

10) Kuwait

The total top 10 oil producers produce how much percent of the world’s total?

73%

What are the top 10 oil producers share of the world total in percentage from top to bottom?

20%, 12%, 11%, 6%, 5%, 5%, 4%, 4%, 4%, 3%

What is the top 10 largest oil consumers ranked from top to bottom?

1) United States

2) China

3) India

4) Russia

5) Japan

6) Saudi Arabia

7) Brazil

8) South Korea

9) Canada

10) Germany

The top 10 oil consumers consumed a combined how many million barrels per day?

59.80 million

The total world consumption of oil is how many million barrels per day?

96.66 million

The total top 10 oil consumers consume produce how much percent of the world’s total?

62%

What are the top 10 oil consumers share of the world total in percentage from top to bottom?

21%, 15%, 5%, 4%, 4%, 3%, 3%, 3%, 2%, 2%

In 2020, the U.S. emitted how many million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent?

5,891 million

In 2020, the fossil fuel combustion of CO2 was how much percent of the U.S.’s total greenhouse gas emissions?

72.6%

In 2020, methane was how much percent of the U.S.’s total greenhouse gas emissions?

10.9%

In 2020, nitrous oxide was how much percent of the U.S.’s total greenhouse gas emissions?

7.1%

In 2020, high-GWP gases were how much percent of the U.S.’s total greenhouse gas emissions?

3.2%