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Which of the following is commonly referred to as Croup?
Laryngotracheobronchitis
Is all croup laryngotracheobronchitis?
Yes
Is all laryngotracheobronchitis croup?
No
What are crowing sounds?
Sounds that occur during breathing
What is the bark associated with croup?
Barking cough that occurs when they’re actually coughing
What time of year And day does laryngobronchitis generally happen?
Winter time
At night
Which pneumonia acts as a gateway to other pneumonias?
Interstitial pneumonia
Why is being on a ventilator more likely to cause pneumonia?
Because the tube carries bacteria from the mouth into the lungs
Aspiration pneumonia is associated with which demographic?
Elderly
Why is the common cold limited to the upper respiratory area?
Temperature dependent - common cold can’t survive core temperature
Majority of RNA-enveloped viruses use what methodology to dock and enter the cell?
Glycoprotein spike interaction using the process of translocation
What is the most common method for enveloped viruses to enter the cell?
Translocation
What percent of the common cold is caused by rhinovirus?
40%
What percent of the common cold is caused by coronavirus?
20%
What percent of the common cold is caused by respiratory syncytial virus?
10%
T/F - do we get life-long immunity from common cold?
FALSE
Do we get strain specific immunity to strains of the common cold?
Yes
Can we get partial immunity to the majority of viruses that cause the common cold?
FLASE - most don’t give partial immunity
Which of the viruses that cause the common cold give partial immunity?
Coronavirus
Does influenza give partial immunity from all strains?
YES
What group of influenza always has H and N?
Group A
What is the function of hemaglutinnin?
Used to help enter the cell
What is the function of neuramidase?
Used to exit the cell
Which influenza group is capable of drift and shift?
Group A
Can you have a pandemic without and epidemic?
No
Which influenza grouping most commonly affects aminals and humans?
Group A
What groupings of influenza do not affect animals?
Group B and C
Which influenza group isn’t capable shift or drift?
Group C
Which influenza is capable of shifting from human to animal to human?
Group A
Which influenza group affects animals only?
Group D
What is drift?
Minor rearrangement of antigenic markers, usually don’t see big change
Within human population
What is shift?
Major antigenic changes that result in a strain change - can go back and forth between human and animal
What is Reyes?
Acidosis of the blood caused by aspirin (For children) - use acetomeniphin to alleviate it
Which is more likely to have a productive cough?
Common cold
Which of the following symptoms is common for cold not for flu?
List that shit out
Guillian-Barre Syndrome is triggered by a reactivation of a virus or reintroduction of bacteria?
FALSE
Which of the following associations is purely correlative w/r/t GBS?
Influenza
Which of the following is the most causative agent of GBS?
Campylobacter
What is the most common accepted reason for Mpox being on the rise?
Suspension of smallpox vaccine
Where does the rash present for Mpox?
On the face
What is a papule?
Beginning to have inflammation and filled with fluid
What is a vesicle?
Filled with fluid
What is a pustule?
Having popped or close to it
What is a macule?
Raised skin
What is necessary to ID Mpox?
PCR test
What is the family for small pox?
Poxviridae (orthopoxvirus)
What is the inclusion body for Small pox?
Guarneri bodies
Methods of transmission for small pox?
Respiratory
Skin to skin
Fomite transmission
Vertical transmission to fetus
What is the ID test for small pox?
PCR blood test
What is the family for orthoebolaviruse?
Filoviridae
What two disease are a part of the orthoebolaviruse?
Ebola and Marburgvirus
Is orthoebolaviruse RNA or DNA?
RNA