Electrolyte Values and Fluid Balance

Flashcards for reviewing electrolyte values, fluid balance, and IV fluids.

Normal Sodium levels

135-145

Hyponatremia level

<135

Hypernatremia level

145

Normal Potassium levels

3.5-5.0

Hypokalemia level

<3.5

Hyperkalemia level

5.0

Normal Chloride levels

98-108

Hypochloremia level

<98

Hyperchloremia level

108

Normal Calcium levels

8.5-10.5

Hypocalcemia level

<8.5

Hypercalcemia level

10.5

Normal Magnesium levels

1.5-2.5

Hypomagnesemia level

<1.5

Hypermagnesemia level

2.5

Normal Phosphate levels

2.5-4.5

Hypophosphatemia level

<2.5

Hyperphosphatemia level

4.5

What is hypovolemia?

Fluid deficit

What can cause hypovolemia?

Hemorrhage, dehydration, edema, water intoxication

What are the symptoms of hypovolemia?

Dry skin, weight loss, flat veins, hypotension, tachycardia, no urine, long cap refill, bad skin turgor

What is hypervolemia?

Expansion of extracellular volume in interstitial or vascular space

What can cause hypervolemia?

Heart failure, cirrhosis, kidney issues, excessive fluid replacement

What is a key sign of hypervolemia?

Edema

What do diuretics do?

Increase urine production

What does isotonic mean?

Same osmolality as ICF

Give examples of isotonic fluids.

Normal saline (0.9%), Lactated Ringers

What does hypotonic mean (in relation to IV fluids)?

Greater on the outside than the ICF

Give an example of a hypotonic fluid.

Dextrose 5%

What does hypertonic mean (in relation to IV fluids)?

Less on the outside than the ICF

Give examples of hypertonic fluids.

Dextrose 10% in water, 3% saline