Chapter 13 McGraw Hill Q&A Notes

Bioinformatics

________ is the field of study that involves creating and maintaining databases of biological information.

organisms genome

A(n) ________ is the total DNA present in the nucleus of each cell.

Restriction enzymes

________ are used to isolate specific genes or regions of the genome.

plasmid

A(n) ________ is a small, circular, double stranded DNA molecule that occurs naturally in bacteria and yeast cells.

Polymerase chain reaction

________ (PCR) can be used to make millions of copies of a specific region of a DNA fragment.

PCR

________ begins when the tube is heated.

Bacterial cells

________ are mixed with recombinant plasmid DNA.

EcoRI

________ specifically cuts DNA containing the sequence GAATTC.

nonhuman organisms

Studies in ________ help to develop the technology required to handle the large amounts of data produced by the Human Genome Project.

genome

The ________ is filled with long stretches of repeated sequences that have no direct function.

short electric pulse

A(n) ________ or a brief rise in temperature closes any openings in the plasma membrane of a bacterial cell.

reaction

The sequencing ________ is complete when the tagged DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis.

Cleave

________ a plasmid and a DNA fragment from another genome using restriction enzymes.

DNA fragments

An electric current is used to separate ________ according to the size of the fragments in a process called.

nucleotide incorporation

The process of heating, cooling, and ________ is repeated 20 to 40 times, resulting in millions of copies of the original fragment.

thermocycler

A(n) ________ is used to cycle the tube containing all of the components involved in PCR through various hot and cool temperatures.

Human DNA

________ is organized into 46 chromosomes.

Proteomics

________ lets researchers look at hundreds or thousands of proteins at the same time, helping them to better define both normal and disease states.

DNA

________ fingerprinting involves separating these DNA fragments using gel electrophoresis in order to observe the distinct banding patterns that are unique to every individual.

restriction enzyme

When the ________ cleaves genomic DNA, it creates fragments of different sizes that are unique to every individual.

DNA fragment

Heat separates the two strands of the template ________.

Genomics

________ is the study of an organisms genome.

restriction enzyme

A(n) ________ is an enzyme that recognizes and binds to specific DNA sequences and cleaves the DNA within that sequence.

DNA fragment

The heat separates the two strands of the template ________.

Restriction enzymes

________ are used to isolate specific genes or regions of the genome.

True or false

Less than two percent of all of the nucleotides in the human genome code for all the proteins in the body