Theology Final Test

Charism- Ordinary

at work all around us daily ex. teacher sharing his knowledge with students

Extraordinary Charism

involve spiritual powers beyond normal human abilities, such as spontaneous healing prophecy or gift of speaking in tongues

Pneuma

NT Greek for ‘spirit’, “wind” or “breath”

“Jesus breathed onto His Apostles and told them to receive the Holy Spirit.” -John 20:22

Ruah

OT Hebrew for meaning “wind” or “breath” 

“Yahweh God formed man from the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. - Gen. 2:7

Animate

to give life to

Paraclete

Greek word used for the Holy Spirit meaning advocate

Ecclesiology

Branch of Theology that studies the nature, structure, and history of the Church

Gifts and Fruits of the Holy Spirit

Wisdom, knowledge, understanding, counsel, fortitude, piety, and fear of the Lord received at the Sacrament of Confirmation.

Evangelization

bringing the Gospel message of salvation to all nations

Virtue

habit or firm disposition to do what is pleasing to God

Catholic

Greek term meaning universeal

Sanctification

To make holy; the process through which the Holy Spirit instills holiness in Church members

How did God prefigure and prepare His people for the coming of the Church?

Israel Prefigures the Church Established by Christ • Called to covenantal family bond • Called to worship • Called to eternal life – restoration of Original Holiness and Justice

How and when did Jesus institute the Church?

Spiritual Kingdom of God • Mark 1:15 “This is the time of fulfillment. The Kingdom of God is at hand. Repent and believe in the Gospel” • Fulfillment of a Universal Blessing and a ‘Son of God/David’ will sit on the throne forever

How did Jesus show his self-giving love for His Church

through his sacrificial death on the cross and his ongoing work of sanctification and purification

  Describe The Great Commission.

Jesus told His followers to "go and make disciples of ALL nations”

Describe the basic events of Pentecost.

Occurs 10 days after Jesus ascention,    

Latin for 50th - occurred 50 days after Easter

Holy Spirit descended upon 120 disciples

often called the "birthday of the church"

How does Pentecost relate to the Tower of Babel?

·      Disciples preach in different languages to make Gospel known to all people

·      Reverses the “scattering” of people at the Tower of Babel

·      Languages confused due to sin

·      Graces of the Holy Spirit re-unites people

·      And their languages at Pentecost

Describe the Council of Jerusalem and explain what was decided at this Council.

·      Acts of the Apostles Chp. 15

·      ‘Apostles and Elders’ (Bishops) were present

·       Declared followers of Christ were:

·       not required to follow all Jewish rituals (i.e., circumcision) and dietary laws

·       required to refrain from meat sacrificed to idols at pagan temples

Why did Jesus change Simon’s name to Peter and what are the Keys to the Kingdom?

Peter means “rock”, keys of the kingdom: • Speaks at the Transfiguration (Lk 9:28-36) • First Apostle to see the Risen Christ (Lk 24:33-34) • Jesus tells Peter to “feed My sheep” (Jn 21:15-19) • Boldly Preaches the Sermon at Pentecost (Acts 2:14-41)

Know important details about Peter’s life as the head of the Apostles and of his martyrdom.

Commercial Fisherman • Capricious, bold yet humble • Jesus changes Simon’s name to Peter (Rock) • 1st Pope – Leader of the 12 • Went to Rome to preach about the Resurrected Christ • Martyred by Crucifixion (upside down)

Know important details on the life, conversion, missionary activity, and martyrdom of Saul of Tarsus who later became known as Paul.

Blinded on road to Damascus

Converts to Christianity

Beheaded in Rome

How did Paul continue to lead the Churches he started?

He changed the method of delivering the message from audience to audience

Four Marks of the Church

One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic as defined in the Creed

Three Visible Bonds of the Church-

Union of Christ's divine and human natures.

Council of Nicaea

he first ecumenical council in the history of the Christian Church

Hypostatic Union

Union of Christ's divine and human natures

Heresy

Deviation from accepted doctrine in Christian teaching.

Schism

Major division from refusal to follow Papal authority

Great Schism-

Major division due to refusal to follow Papal authority, result is Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church.

Council of Trent

 1545-1563, affirmed Catholic doctrines and practices of the sacraments and Apostolic Succession and faith and good works are necessary for salvation.

Ecclesial Communities

New groups formed after breaking from Catholic Church.

Ecumenism

Modern efforts to restore unity among Christian denominations

Protestant Reformation

 16th-century movement protesting Catholic doctrines.

Counter Reformation

Catholic response to Protestant Reformation, aimed at unity.

Actual Grace

God’s interventions in our daily lives

Efficacious

A Modern attempt to restore unity among Christians

Theological Virtues

habit or firm disposition to do what is pleasing to God

White Martyr

 A life of heroic devotion to God, enduring mocking, hatred, and persecution at school/work, or denial of religious freedom

Sanctification/ Sanctifying Grace

received at Baptism, makes us partakers of the divine nature

Sacramental Grace

 specific to each of the 7 encounters with God

Charismatic Grace

special gift/talent given to an individual for the purpose of building up the church

Metanoia

A profound change of heart towards God.

Red Martyr

Physical torture and death

God Founded and Created Her

What does it mean to say that the Church is holy?

The Trinity

What is the ultimate source of the Church’s holiness?

Perfect Holiness is Achieved in Heaven – Aim for restoration of OH/OJ

What is the Universal Call to Holiness?

Church Triumphant, Suffering and Militant

What are the three “states of the Church” which encompass the Communion of Saints?

What are various titles for Mary who is the most honored of the saints?

Mary is honored with many titles, including Mother of God, Blessed Virgin, Queen of Heaven, Our Lady of Guadalupe, Our Lady of Lourdes, and Mother of the Church, reflecting her roles in salvation history and her special place among the saints

Why does the Church “Call to All”?

The Church "calls to all" because it is universal and desires the salvation of all people; its mission is to spread the Gospel and bring everyone into unity with God through Christ.

How many Eastern Catholic Churches are there? What is their relation to the Roman Catholic Church?

There are 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, and they are in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church, recognizing the Pope’s authority while maintaining their own liturgical traditions and disciplines.

What is the difference between Eastern Orthodox Churches and Eastern Catholic Churches?

Eastern Orthodox Churches are not in full communion with the Pope, while Eastern Catholic Churches are. Both have similar liturgical practices, but only Eastern Catholics accept the Pope’s authority as the universal head of the Church.

Sacred Tradition

Faith passed down through generations, guided by the Holy Spirit

Sacred Scripture

is the inspired Word of God written in the Bible, containing the truths necessary for salvation and forming one part of the Church’s Deposit of Faith.

Two Pillars of the Church

Saints Peter and Paul

Deposit of Faith

- Core beliefs transmitted through Church teachings

Clergy

Ordained members of the Church (bishops, priests, and deacons) who lead the faithful, administer sacraments, and teach the Gospel.

Laity

Non-ordained people of God

Apostolate

Every Christian’s calling and duty to extend the Kingdom of God to the World

New Evangelization-

Challenges in spreading the Gospel in modern times.

What does it mean to say that the Church is Apostolic?

To say the Church is Apostolic means that it is founded on the teachings of the Apostles and continues to be guided by their successors—the Pope and bishops—through the Holy Spirit.

Explain Apostolic Succession.

Apostolic Succession is the unbroken line of bishops dating back to the Apostles, through which the authority and teachings of Christ are passed on via the Sacrament of Holy Orders.

What is the relationship between Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition?

Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition together form the Deposit of Faith; Scripture is the written Word of God, while Tradition includes the teachings and practices handed down through the Church, both equally guided by the Holy Spirit.

Why does the Church have the “fullness of the truth”?

The Church has the fullness of the truth because it preserves and teaches everything revealed by Christ through Scripture, Tradition, and the Magisterium (teaching authority).

What is the hierarchy of the members of the Catholic Church?

The Church’s hierarchy includes the Pope at the top, followed by bishops, priests, and deacons; the laity and consecrated religious also play important roles in the Church’s mission.

Identify the three orders of the Sacrament of Holy Orders and explain their roles.

The three orders are bishop, who oversees a diocese and has the fullness of the priesthood; priest, who serves a parish and administers most sacraments; and deacon, who assists bishops and priests in service, preaching, and some sacramental duties

Metanoia

- A profound change of heart towards God

Examen

A prayerful reflection on the events of the day to recognize God's presence and discern, made by St. Iganius of Violia

Adoration

Adoring God through prayer (mainly through eucharist)

Justification

Salvation through faith and good works combined

Redemption-

Christ's saving work through His death and resurrection, by which humanity is freed from sin and reconciled with God.

Sanctification

Lifelong process of becoming closer to Christ, becoming more holy

Salvation

The deliverance from sin and its consequences, granted by God's grace and received through faith and good works.

Venial Sin

A lesser sin that weakens one’s relationship with God but does not break it completely

Mortal Sin

A grave offense against God that destroys sanctifying grace in the soul and, if unrepented, leads to eternal separation from God

Parousia

The second coming of Christ and Kingdom's fulfillment.

Particular Judgment-

The individual judgment by God of each person's soul at the moment of death, determining their immediate fate in Heaven, Hell, or Purgatory

Final Judgment

is the definitive judgment by God at the end of time when all souls are judged based on their lives and decisions, determining their eternal destiny in Heaven or Hell.

Hell-

is the eternal separation from God, a state of punishment and suffering for those who freely and definitively reject God’s love and grace

Purgatory

Purgatory is a temporary state of purification for souls who have died in God's grace but still need to be cleansed of venial sin or temporal punishment before entering Heaven.

Heaven

eternal union with God, a state of perfect happiness, peace, and fulfillment in His presence for those who have died in His grace.

Kingdom of God as a Wedding Feast-

This biblical image symbolizes the joyful and intimate union between Christ (the bridegroom) and the Church (His bride), reflecting the fullness of God's kingdom as a celebration of divine love and communion

Consummation of Heaven and Earth

The final fulfillment of God's plan when all creation is renewed, and Heaven and Earth are united in perfect harmony at the end of time