anture and nurture

Nature vs. Nurture Debate

A discussion on the extent to which our behaviors, thoughts, and traits are shaped by biology (nature) versus environment (nurture).

Nature

Traits we are born with, influenced by biological factors.

Nurture

Everything that happens after birth, influenced by environmental factors.

Heritability

Measures how much variation in a trait within a population is due to genetics.

Twin Studies

Research involving identical and fraternal twins to examine nature versus nurture.

Identical Twins

Twins that share 100% of their genes.

Fraternal Twins

Twins that share approximately 50% of their genes.

Epigenetics

The study of how the environment can turn genes on or off, affecting gene expression.

Temperament

Inborn emotional and behavioral style that shows nature's influence early in life.

Critical Periods

Certain experiences that must occur at specific times crucial for development.

Interactionism

The view that behavior results from the interaction between nature and nurture.

Genetic Predispositions

Inborn tendencies influenced by genes that can shape behavior and traits.

Environmental Influences

Factors like culture, family, and upbringing that affect development after birth.

Nature loads the gun

A metaphor for how genetic traits set the potential for behavior.

Nurture pulls the trigger

A metaphor for how environmental factors influence behavior expression.

Family Upbringing

The environment in which a child is raised, influencing their development.

Culture

Shared values and beliefs of a group that can shape attitudes and behavior.

Parenting Style

The manner in which parents raise their children, affecting their development.

Socioeconomic Status

An individual's social standing, which can impact access to resources and opportunities.

Behavioral Genetics

The field of study that examines the role of genetics in animal (and human) behavior.

Mental Disorders

Psychological conditions that may have a genetic component and environmental triggers.

Language Acquisition

The process of learning a language that occurs most effectively during early childhood.

Academic Skills

Capabilities and knowledge developed through education and environment.

Fear Responses

Reactions to perceived threats that can be shaped by environmental experiences.

Attitudes and Beliefs

Personal views shaped by experiences and environment rather than genetics.

Genetic Vulnerability

Inherent risk due to genetic factors that may predispose an individual to certain conditions.

Stress and Trauma

Environmental factors that can affect emotional and psychological well-being.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers in the brain that influence behavior and mood.

Hormones

Chemical substances in the body that can affect mood, behavior, and physiology.

Temperamental Types

Categories describing the different behavioral styles of infants, such as easy or difficult babies.

Psychological Traits

Characteristics influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

Academic Achievement

A measure of success in educational contexts influenced by both nature and nurture.

Behavioral Expression

The outward display of internal traits shaped by genetics and environment.

Individual Differences

Variations in behavior and traits among individuals, influenced by both genetics and environment.

Reflexes

Automatic responses that can be influenced by genetic factors.

Eye Color

A specific trait determined by genetics that exemplifies nature's influence.

Height

A trait significantly influenced by genetic factors but also affected by nutrition.

Schizophrenia Risk

A mental disorder with both genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors.

Depression Risk

The likelihood of developing depression, influenced by genetics and life experiences.

Manners and Values

Social behaviors acquired through nurture that reflect cultural expectations.

Peer Influence

The impact that peers have on an individual's behavior and choices.

Education

The process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, important for development.

Trauma

An emotional response to a distressing event that can alter development.

Cognitive Development

The progression of thinking abilities influenced by genetics and environment.

Academic Skills

Capabilities mastered through education, reflecting the impact of nurture.

Beliefs About Success

Personal convictions shaped by upbringing and cultural context.

Emotional Regulation

The ability to manage and respond to emotional experiences based on both nature and nurture.

Behavioral Patterns

Recurring behaviors that can be shaped by both genetic and environmental influences.

Lifestyle Choices

Decisions regarding daily living that are influenced by both genetic predispositions and environmental factors.

Socialization

The process through which individuals learn and adapt to societal norms and values.

Genetic Factor

A biological element that can influence physical and psychological traits.