History: Unit 4--Absolutism

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1. Palace of Versailles

On a hunting lodge, helped Louis XIV keep control of the nobility

2. Louis XIV's denomination of the nobility

never called a meeting of the Estates General = no chance to plot against him. Built the legendary royal Palace of Versailles

3. The Romanov's dynasty

1613-1917

4. How did absolutism develop differently in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe? (choose 1 that is not)

more feudal in nature, industrialization was less advanced, ideas of the Renaissance were non-existent, no religious tensions.

5. Constitutional monarchy (def)

Parliament did not have complete control of the government, but it now had the right to participate in affairs of state WITH DA KING.

6. Peter the Great's main foreign policy goal

(outside of Russia) meant an ice-free/ warm water seaport easily accessible to Europe. (Russia couldn't have shipping in winter months.)

7. Issue that caused a revolt in Scotland and Ireland during the reign of Charles I

The attempt to reintroduce the prayer book of Edward VI's time was unpopular much of Great Britain. It caused a riot in the cathedral when it was imposed on the people of Edinburgh in 1637.

8. Line of English monarchs from Elizabeth I to James II

Elizabeth I, James I, Charles I, Charles II, James II.

9. Revocation of the Edict of Nantes

Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes (in 1685) which had granted Huguenots religious tolerance. This led to many productive Huguenots leaving France, and those who chose not to convert were exiled(expelled).

10. Basic tenets of seventeenth century mercantilism

exports should exceed imports, high tariffs, internal improvements necessary.

11. Results of the Glorious Revolution in England

Parliament established itself as a major participant in the running of the English gov't, and destroyed "Divine Right" theory.

12. Outcome of Louis XIV's war efforts

Only gained a small amount of territory but spent large sums of money.

13. Richelieu

was a Catholic Church official

14. French tax policy (which groups did the nation tax)

avoided taxation of the nobility allowing for taxation of the poor.

15. Boyars

Russian society divided into two classes---boyars = nobles; serfs = everyone else.

16. Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell was the commander of the New Model Army. He ended up being the next individual leader of England. After death = monarchy restored.

17. Trial of Charles I

charged with high treason (execution) and other high crimes against the realm of England. Executed on Jan. 30, 1649.

18. Group or person in England that controlled taxation

Parliament decided on taxation, and monarchs would need consent from them.

19. Duke of Buckingham

King Charles's favorite minister. (Par. hates Buckingham; for his advice hurts England and Charles) Members of the Commons wanted him to be executed. This duke got England involved in a war against France.

20. James II (problem Par. had with him)

James was Catholic...Parliament had to choose between moving against the king or accepting a Catholic Dynasty.

21. "Glorious Revolution"

with little bloodshed, England had undergone this revolution from the deposition of James II to introducing William.

22. Parliament's role in William and Mary invading England

They invited William to invade England.

23. English Bill of Rights (choose 1 that is not)

Parliament's right to make laws and levy taxes, citizens rights to keep arms, citizens rights to have a jury trial.

24. Reason of state

(Machiavellian philosophy of social control that states) what is done for the state is done for by God...actions if privately committed would be a crime.

25. Independents

extremist Puritans who were strongly against Charles I.

26. England as a constitutional nation (democracy)

it stood in contrast to the development of other countries of the period. Queen Elizabeth represented a height of absolutist power, and when she died, James I took the throne. Believed in divine right of kings, little reform.

27. Architect of Louis XIV's economic policy

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

28. Ivan the Terrible (IV)

throne- age 3. Seized control- age 16; defeated the last of the Mongols by 1556 giving him tremendous credibility. After wife dies he goes crazy.

29. French Classicism

art was a mandated act by the state to promote the state.

30. Declaration of Indulgences

suspended the laws that Parliament had passed against Catholics and Puritans; Parliament forced the king to suspend the declaration.

31. Divine right

kings received power from God so they were responsible to no one except God. Destroyed by the Glorious Revolution.

32. Richelieu's domestic policy (choose one that is not)

quick executions, would not call the Estates General, and Huguenots could no longer practice their faith.

33. Charles I

After he succeeded = political atmosphere turned hostile. Duke of Buckingham was his favorite minister. A failed attack on Spanish port of Cadiz= ask Par. for funds. Before taxes were agreed on, he dissolves Par.

34. Policies of Peter the Great (choose 1 that is not)

Majority of governmental expenditures = for military purposes, wanted to modernize Russia, and strengthen the power of military (money)

35. Religious situation of James II

James was Catholic, making England uneasy. (Unwilling for Catholic dynasty)

36. Traditional example of seventeenth century absolutism

Louis XIV

37. Absolutism

gives a monarch absolute or total authority in dealing with the state.

38. Cardinal Richelieu

Louis XIII's advisor and exerted a major influence over Louis XIII to rule absolutely.

39. St. Petersburg

(modern) it's a symbol that Russia was looking westward to Europe.

40. Jules Mazarin

held the true power throughout Louis XIV's early reign and became his closest advisor

41. Mercantilism

prosperity of a nation depended on a plentiful supply of gold and silver.

42. Queen Elizabeth I

represented a height of absolute power in England. Had no children, ending the Tudor dynasty and began the Stuart line of rulers. (James)

43. Charles II

sympathetic to the Catholic Louis XIV and Catholicism. Lived in the Court of Versailles before named king. He had to find ways to get money without Par. = secret alliance with Louis and began receiving money from him.

44. New Model Army

During the English civil war, Par. had a professionalized army which was full of Independents. Cromwell was the commander.

45. War of Spanish Succession

Spain needed a new king = Philip of Anjou. To prevent the succession, the Grand Alliance was formed (Dutch and English) Ends up being a lopsided loss for France, so Louis was forced to admit defeat in the Treaty of Utrecht.