Medical Terminology for Health Professions - 8th Ed. Chapter 3 The Skeletal System

Acetabulum

The large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint (Hip socket).

Allogenic

Originating within another.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae.

Arthrodesis

A surgical procedure to stiffen a joint.

Arthrolysis

Surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint.

Arthroscopy

Visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope.

Autologous

Originating within an individual.

Avascular Necrosis

an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow

Chondromalacia

abnormal softening of cartilage, typically noted between the patella and femur

Comminuted Fracture

A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed.

Compression Fracture

A fracture in which the bone is pressed together on itself.

Costochondritis

An inflammation of the cartilage that connects the rib to the sternum.

Craniostenosis

A malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures.

Crepitation

The grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.

Dual X-Ray Absorpitometry

A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density.

Gout

A type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in joints.

Hallux Valgus

An abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe.

Hemarthrosis

Blood within a joint.

Hemopoietic

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells.

Internal Fixation

Fracture treatment in which pins or a plate are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place.

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

An autoimmune disorder affecting children aged 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.

Kyphosis

An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side.

Laminectomy

The surgical removal of the lamina from a vertebra.

Lordosis

An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine.

Lumbago

Pain of the lumbar region of the spine.

Malleolus

A rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint.

Manubrium

The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum.

Metacarpals

The five bones that form the palms of the hand.

Metatarsals

Form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached.

Myeloma

A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells of the red bone marrow.

Open Fracture

A fracture in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin.

Orthopedic Surgeon

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disease and disorders involving the bones, joints, muscles.

Orthotic

A mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.

Osteitis

Inflammation of the bone.

Osteoarthritis

The type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging.

Osteochondroma

A benign bony projection covered with cartilage.

Osteoclasis

The surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity.

Osteomalacia

Abnormal softening of bones in adults.

Osteomyelitis

Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.

Osteopenia

Thinner than average bone density.

Osteoporosis

A marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging.

Osteoporotic Hip Fracture

A fracture of a hip weakened by osteoporosis that can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall.

Osteorrhaphy

Surgical suturing or wiring together of bones.

Paget's Disease

A chronic bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation.

Pathologic Fracture

Occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain.

Percutaneous Vertebroplasty

Treatment of osteoporosis-related compression fractures by injecting bone cement to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column.

Periostitis

Inflammation of the periosteum.

Periosteum

Double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone.

Podiatrist

Specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot.

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

A geriatric inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness.

Prosthesis

A substitute for a diseased or missing body part.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the synovial membranes, and other body tissues, are inflamed and thickened.

Rickets

A deficiency disease occurring in children involving defective bone growth due to vitamin D deficiency.

Scoliosis

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

Spina Bifida

A congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord.

Spiral Fracture

A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart.

Vertebrae

26 small bones that make up your backbone

Spondylosis

A degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function.

Subluxation

The partial displacement of a bone from its joint.

Synovectomy

The surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint.