DIET AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 1C 4 DIET AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH

What is a body mass index?

1. It is a measurement that compares your weight to your height in a simple formula that can tell us whether you are obese, healthy, or underweight.

What is the formula for BMI?

1. Weight in kilograms over height in meters square

What are the healthy BMI’s?

1. A BMI of less than 18.5 kg meters square means that you are underweight

2. BMI of over 25 to 30 means you are over

3. A BMI 30 to 40 means you are obese

4. A BMI over 40 means you’re morbidly obese

How is BMI a limiting tool?

1. It does not take body composition into account, athletes with high muscle mass would often be in the obese range.

2. Older people also have less muscle than fat, but BMI does not reflect that.

What is another method of measuring healthy weight?

1. The waist to hip ratio.

2. Waist size over hip size

3. Male if ratio more than 0.9 then obese

4. Female if ratio more than 0.85 then obese

What are low-density lipoproteins?

1. LDLs are made from saturated fats, cholesterol, protein and bind onto cell membranes before being taken into cells.

2. If there are high levels of LDLs cell membranes become too saturated and so more LDL cholesterol remains in blood.

What is High Density Lipoprotein?

1. HDLs are made from unsaturated fats, cholesterol and protein. They carry cholesterol from the body tissues to the liver to be broken down, lowering blood cholesterol levels.

2. HDLs can even help remove cholesterol deposits on the plaque in the arteries.

Asides from the proportion of HDL and LDL in blood what else is a consideration in terms of fat with relation to CVDs?

1. Genetic makeup is a consideration, as some people metabolize cholesterol much better than others.

What is meant by the term BMI?

1. BMI IS THE BODY MAX INDEX, WHICH IS A COMPARISON OF WEIGHT AND HEIGHT.

Ally weigh 65 kg and 1.68 m tall. Calculate a lease BMI. What does this tell you about him?

1. 23.03 which is ideal.

What are the limitations of using BMI as a predictive cardiovascular health?

BMI does not take into natural changes and body composition with age, does not allow for people who are very fit and active and have high muscle mask and therefore can overestimate risk for some people.

What is the way to hip ratio and why is it often used to indicate obesity and predict heart health?

Ways to hip ratio is waist size centimeters to hip size centimeters easy to measure obvious changes with gain or loss in weight good predictor of heart disease risk as measures fat

Explain the apparent link between dietary fats, blood cholesterol, LDL’s and HDL’s.

A parent correlation between high intake of dietary fat and raised blood cholesterol. However, this is now regarded as simplistic as it depends on many other factors, including exercise types of fats, other dietary factors, genetics, etc. Also discovered low density Lipo proteins LDL’s made from saturated fats, cholesterol, and protein. Which bind to cell membranes before being taken into cells. The level of some type types of LDL are high your cell membranes become saturated and so more LDL cholesterol is left in your bloodstream. High density Lipo proteins HDL’s are made from unsaturated fats, cholesterol and protein. They carry cholesterol from body tissues to deliver to be broken down, lowering blood cholesterol levels. HDL can even help to remove cholesterol from fatty Plex on the arteries, reducing the risk of arthrosclerosis. So the balance between HDL’s and LDL seem a better indicator of risk of CVDs then cholesterol alone.

Why do scientist look at a whole range of indicators, including your BMI or ways to hip ratio your blood cholesterol and HDL and LDL and your history of smoking an exercise when they try to decide your risk of developing heart disease?

Heart disease is multifactorial not the result of one factor in your life, lifestyle and genetics. More information the scientist have the more realistically they can estimate the risk of an individual developing heart disease.