Pharmacy Tech Exam- Top 100 Facts to Know

11

the maximum number of refills permitted for non-controlled drugs.

fluoroquinolone

an antibacterial drug class that end in the suffix -floxacin

tendon damage and rupture is a notable side effect, must avoid with multivitamins like iron and calcium

H2 receptor antagonists

used to treat conditions that cause excess gastric acid production, like dyspepsia (famotidine)

tyramine

patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors should avoid foods with ____

helps to prevent hypertensive crisis

excipients

inactive ingredients of a medicine are called ____

DEA Form 224

this must be completed by pharmacies to be licensed to dispense controlled substances

po

the pharmacy abbreviation for "taken orally"

polypharmacy

refers to the concurrent use of multiple medicines at the same time

iPLEDGE

this is the risk evaluation and mitigation strategy guide for the drug, isotretinoin, because this anti-acne drug carries a high risk of birth defects

Beers' list

the _____ ____ is a compilation of medicines that inform healthcare professionals of the risk that medicine may have to an older patient and what approach can/should be taken.

suspensions

____ always contain a "shake well before use" label because particles suspended in the medicine can cake to the bottom, meaning that, if the medicine is not shaken, the patient does not receive an accurate dose of the medicine.

3

there are ____ parts to an NDC code

drug manufacturer

the first five digits of an NDC code refer to the ____ ______

drug product/strength

the second set of 4 digits of the NDC code refer to the ____

packaging size

the final 2 digits of the NDC code refers to the ____ _____

Auxiliary label

additional instructions on labels that inform the patient on the safe and effective use of a medicine. For example, "avoid sunlight".

photosensitivity, tooth discoloration

2 side effects of tetracyclines

2

pharmacies should complete an inventory of controlled substances every ___ years

green leafy vegetables

contain vitamin K, which opposes the anticoagulant effect of warfarin

varenicline, bupropion

2 drugs that are used to assist patients with smoking cessation

ACE inhibitors

used in the treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure. Side effects include a persistent dry cough and hyperkalemia (high potassium levels). Examples include ramipril, lisinopril, and perindopril.

material safety data sheets

a direct outcome of the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1970. MSDS are forms completed by compound manufacturers that provide detailed commentary on

four

there are ___ parts to Medicare coverage

A

part ___ of medicare covers hospital insurance

B

part ___ of medicarecovers outpatient or medical insurance

C

part ____ of medicare allows private health insurance plans such as PPOs or HMOs to offer benefits

D

part ___ of medicare covers prescription drugs

B, C

what vitamins are water soluble (not stored in body, need regular replenishment compared to fat soluble)

A,D,E,K

what vitamins are fat soluble

HMG-COa reductase

statins work by inhibiting the enzyme ______

Side effects with statins include muscle aches and pains, elevation of liver enzymes, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in at-risk patients. Statins are used to lower high blood cholesterol.

NSAIDs

____ work by inhibiting the COX enzyme, reducing pain and inflammation

drug utilization reviews

reviews that analyse a patient profile to ensure that medications dispensed to a patient in the past were correct. It was mandated by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act 1990.

tincture

a medicine that is made by dissolving in alcohol, therefore it has a high alcohol percentage

ex.= iodine tincture

analgesics

medicines used to relieve pain

ex.= tylenol, morphine

95% ethyl alcohol

Alcohol USP refers to the use of ______

drug enforcement administration

responsible for enforcing laws relating to controlled substances

orange book

used to identify products that are therapeutically equivalent

one

For a non-controlled substance prescription drug, the prescription is valid for up to ___ year from the date of issuance.

subscription

The _____ part of a prescription refers to instructions given to the pharmacist, such as the number of refills permitted, or whether a generic drug can be used in place of a branded drug.

protease inhibitors

used to combat HIV/AIDS. Examples include lopinavir, ritonavir, darunavir, and atazanavir.

Z drugs

used for the short-term (fewer than 4-weeks) treatment of insomnia. Examples include zaleplon, zolpidem, and zopiclone.

DEA form 41

used to report destroyed controlled substances

colchicine, allopurinol

2 medicines used in the treatment of gout.

beta blockers

always end in the suffix -lol. Examples include bisoprolol, metoprolol, and esmolol.

PDE5 inhibitors

used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Examples include tadalafil (Cialis) and sildenafil (Viagra).

United states pharmacopeia

All pharmacies are obliged by law to contain a copy of the ____

DEA form 222

used when ordering both Schedule I and Schedule II medicines.

antitussive drugs

used in the treatment of cough. Examples include codeine and dextromethorphan.

gtts

pharmacy abbreviation for "drops", such as eye drops.

calcium channel blockers

used to treat hypertension and symptoms of stable angina. Examples include nifedipine, amlodipine, diltiazem, and verapamil.

amber medicine containers

used to protect the medicine against the harmful effects of sunlight radiation.

trituration

process where tablets or other substances are ground down to a fine powder.

the joint commission

the body tasked with the responsibility of accrediting and certifying healthcare organizations.

USP <800>

sets standards in handling hazardous drugs for healthcare professionals, patients, and the environment.

grapefruit juice

interacts with many medicines, including many statins - inhibiting CYP enzymes and increasing the risk of serious adverse effects.

intrathecal administration

refers to administering a medicine into the spinal canal.

pharmacokinetics

refers to how an organism affects a drug - often summarized as ADME: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion processes of a drug.

pharmacodynamics

talks about what a drug does to the body; the biochemical and physiological effects of the drug on the body. This is important when trying to establish the optimum dose of a medicine

half life

defined as the time is takes for the total amount of drug in the body to reduce by 50 percent. For example - a drug has a half-life of 2-hours. After 2-hours of taking the medicine, 50% remains in the body. After 4-hours, only 25% remains and, after 6-hours, just 12.5% remains in the body.

not an NSAID, though it is an antipyretic - a drug that treats fever.

SSRIs

used in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Examples include paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, and fluvoxamine. SSRIs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

0.3

HEPA filters within laminar flow hoods remove particles that are at least ____ microns in size.

red

Sharps containers can be identified as they are typically ____ in color.

asepsis

being free from disease causing microorganisms

spatulation

Ointments can be made using a technique called _______; using a spatula to evenly and homogenously mix two or more substances together. The mixture is combined against an even, flat, and smooth surface.

wedgwood mortar

an effective tool used to grind down and mix powders to form a uniform arrangement of active and non-active ingredient.

0.22 micron filter

should be used when sterilizing an ophthalmic solution.

purified water USP

cannot be used when compounding a sterile product.

six

Laminar flow hood air quality must be certified every ___ months

bisphosphonates

used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Examples include alendronic acid, pamidronate, and zoledronic acid.

do not use

The Joint Commission issue a _____ list, which is a list of pharmacy abbreviations and acronyms that should be avoided as they may cause confusion and risk patient safety.

leur-lok syringe

should be used when compounding hazardous drugs.

hepatitis B

OSHA mandates that workers in the healthcare setting are vaccinated against

30

Before being used, a laminar flow hood should be turned on for at least ______ minutes

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

2 notable side effects of aminoglycoside antibacterial drugs such as gentamicin and tobramycin.

diameters

As a rule, the lower the needle gauge size, the larger the _____

orphan drugs

are used to treat a rare disease. Governments often provide financial incentives for pharmaceutical companies to develop drugs to treat rare diseases, known as orphan diseases.

c

pharmacy abbrev for with

s

pharmacy abbrev for without

no

can schedule 2 drugs be refilled?

five

Schedule III-V drugs can be refilled a maximum of ____ times

benzodiazepines

work by enhancing the binding of GABA to the GABA A receptor; medicines used to treat a wide range of conditions such as anxiety, insomnia, epilepsy, and seizures. Examples include diazepam, midazolam, and temazepam and oxazepam.

triptans

used in the treatment of migraine

ex.= sumatriptan, zolmitriptan

highly active anti-retroviral therapy

used to treat HIV/AIDS.

Examples of antiretroviral drugs: entry inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, and reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

one handed scoop

the _____ technique should be used if a needle needs to be recapped. To avoid an accidental needle stick injury, never recap a needle using both hands.

Class III prescription balance

A ______ must be certified on an annual basis.

29 particles of 5 microns

There should be no more than ________ (or greater) in size within an ISO Class 5 environment.

UTI

Drugs used to treat _____s include trimethoprim, fosfomycin, and nitrofurantoin.

3

there are ___ classes of FDA drug recall

most

a class 1 FDA drug recall is the ___ serious

least

a class 3 FDA drug recall is the ____ serious

proton pump inhibitors

used to treat conditions caused by excess gastric acid production. Proton-pump inhibitors can be identified courtesy of the suffix -prazole. Examples include omeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole.

cinchonism

a syndrome of side effects associated with the anti-malarial drug, quinine. These effects include fever, fatigue, visual disturbances, and deafness.

DEA form 106

used to report the theft or loss of a controlled substance.

tall man letterine

used to reduce the error of confusing two drugs with one another based on how they sound or read. For example: prednisONE and prednisOLONE; or cycloSERINE and cycloSPORINE.

beta 2 agonists

used in the treatment of asthma and COPD. Examples include albuterol, salmeterol, formoterol, and terbutaline.

insulins

Examples of rapid-acting _____ (peak time - 1 hour) include insulin aspart, lispro, and glulisine.

long

Insulin detemir and insulin glargine are _____-acting insulins.

intermediate

Isophane insulin is an _____-acting insulin.

diuretics

used to promote water and electrolyte loss. There are various classes