ANOVA Concepts and Procedures

This set of flashcards covers critical concepts, terms, and processes related to ANOVA as discussed in the lecture.

ANOVA

Analysis of Variance used to compare means among three or more groups.

F-Ratio

A ratio used in ANOVA that compares variance between groups to variance within groups.

H0 (Null Hypothesis)

The hypothesis stating that all group means are equal.

Ha (Alternative Hypothesis)

The hypothesis stating that at least one group mean is different from the others.

Degrees of Freedom (df)

The number of independent values that can vary in an analysis.

SSbetween

Sum of Squares between groups, measuring variance due to the independent variable.

SSwithin

Sum of Squares within groups, measuring variance due to subjects within each group.

Post-Hoc Tests

Tests conducted after ANOVA to determine which specific means are significantly different.

Tukey’s HSD

A post-hoc test that compares all pairs of group means to determine significant differences.

Eta Squared

A measure of effect size that indicates the proportion of variance in the dependent variable accounted for by the independent variable.

F-distribution

A probability distribution used in ANOVA based on the ratio of two variances.

Type I Error

The error of rejecting a true null hypothesis.

Alpha Level

The threshold probability set for the significance test, commonly set at 0.05.

Grand Mean (GM)

The overall mean of all groups combined in an ANOVA.