lewis test 2

industrial Revolution

Began in Britain when machines replaced humans in the manufacture of textiles.

Interchangeable parts

Developed by Eli Whitney

The cotton gin

Makes removal of seeds from cotton much easier

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin.

Railroads

Play an important transportation link and by 1840 there are more than 3,000 miles of railroad in the U.S.

Market Revolution

People make a living buying and selling goods.

Northern economy vs. Southern economy

While the North starts to industrialize, most people in the South continue to rely on farming for their living, especially cotton.

Industrialization and urbanization

With the Industrial Revolution, people, especially in the North, start to move from the farms to the cities to look for work.

The South and Slavery

Creates tension in Southern society.

McCulloch v. Maryland

1819

Gibbons v. Ogden

1824

Interstate commerce

Any businesses/trade between states.

Elastic clause

Congress can pass any laws necessary and proper for function of government.

Monroe Doctrine

The U.S. will not become involved in internal European matters and will not permit further colonization in the new world.

Results of election of 1824

For the first time, no candidate for President was a leader during the revolution.

Andrew Jackson

Elected in 1828 as a 'man of the people' who believes in limited government.

Voter participation

Increased due to the end of property requirements for voting by many states.

1st President born West of the Appalachian Mountains

Andrew Jackson.

Jackson awards his followers

Through patronage (government jobs), known as the 'spoils system.'

Nullification Crisis

South Carolina states can nullify, or reject federal laws they see as unconstitutional.

Indian Removal Act

The act authorized the President to take land from Native Americans and to give the Indians land from the Louisiana Purchase.

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court backed the Indians, but Jackson defied the court and ordered the removal initiating what became known as The Trail of Tears.

Trail of Tears

116 day march that uprooted 100,000 natives

The Bank crisis

Jackson sees the Bank of the United States as a 'monster' controlled by a small group of wealthy Easterners.

Republican virtues

Self Reliance, Hard Work, Frugality, Harmony, Sacrifice.

Webster's dictionary

Published in 1825

Second Great Awakening

Emphasizes the Bible as final authority, Salvation through faith and Jesus, and good deeds as a demonstration of true faith.

Urbanization

The process of people spreading apart from families, breaking familial bonds.

Feminization of the Church

The involvement of middle class women as the first and most fervent of religious revivalists.

Transcendentalism

A philosophy that teaches spiritual discovery.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

An advocate of self-reliance and a key figure in the Transcendentalist movement.

Henry David Thoreau

Author of 'Walden,' which describes his experiment in simple living.

Temperance Movement

A social movement that preached against the evils of drinking and encouraged abstinence.

Education Movement

Led by Horace Mann, it advocated for tax-supported public education as a right and necessity in a democracy.

Abolition Movement

A movement that spoke against slavery and for the emancipation of slaves.

Harriet Tubman

An escaped slave who helped others escape to freedom via the Underground Railroad.

Underground Railroad

A network of routes for slaves to escape from the South.

Southern View of Slavery

The belief in the South that slavery was an economic necessity.

Women's Movement

Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, it advocated for women's suffrage and equal rights.

States Rights

The belief that the growing power of the national government threatened the rights of states.

Immigration of Irish and Germans

Increased immigration to the U.S. due to the Irish Potato Famine and political uprisings in Europe.

Order of the Star Spangled Banner

A secret society formed in response to rising immigration, known as Know-Nothings.

Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods, with the North favoring them to protect industries and the South opposing them.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

A novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that depicted the life of a slave and influenced anti-slavery sentiments.

Missouri Compromise

An agreement that allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state to maintain balance.

Compromise of 1850

An agreement that admitted California as a free state and allowed New Mexico and Utah to decide on slavery.

Fugitive Slave Act

A law requiring all citizens to assist in the return of fugitive slaves.

Henry Clay

Senator who proposed the Compromise of 1850.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Allows popular sovereignty

Bleeding Kansas

Violence in Kansas in 1856 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions.

Scott v. Stanford (Dred Scott Decision)

A Supreme Court ruling that stated slaves were not citizens, they could not sue, and living in a free state did not grant freedom.

John Brown

An abolitionist who led an attack on Harper's Ferry to incite a slave insurrection.