Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
species composition
a list of what species are in a community
species richness
number of species in a community
sample size effect
factor that can influence species richness?
more
The more individuals you look at, the _________ different kinds you find
increases steadily up until a point and then levels off
what would a species richness graph look like?
no
is species density the same as species richness?
species density is based on a sampling unit not entire community
species density difference from species richness
Relative abundance graph
drawn to illustrate evenness
log of abundance vs species rank
what is on the axises of a relative abundance graph?
high
Communities with high richness will have ______ evenness
richness and evenness
species diversity is a combination of ________ and _________
Shannon index
provides a measure of the uncertainty that exists concerning the identity of an individual selected at random from a community
no uncertainty
what does 0 indicate in a Shannon index?
uncertain
what does HI indicate in a Shannon index?
uncertainty
in the Shannon index, what is diversity related to?
uncertain
According to the Shannon index, The more diverse the system, the more ______________ you are about the identity of a randomly chosen individual
proportional abundance of species i
what is pi in the Shannon index?
H’ = -Sum( pi * ln pi)
Shannon index formula?
Ni/N
how do you find pi?
1
what should all the proportions (pis) in a sample set add to?
-Sum(pi*ln(pi))
how do you find Shannon index?
J
measure of evenness
H’/H’ max
how do. you find J?
by calculating H’ with even pi values
how is H’ max found?
1
pielou’s J value that indicates all species equally abundant
spatial heterogeneity, site productivity, disturbances
what factors set diversity?
coenocline
pattern of species abundance (community change) that occurs along an environmental gradient
spatial Heterogeneity
measure of the variation in some limiting factor from place to place in a community
higher
The more spatially heterogeneous the
environment, the __________ the species
diversity
pits an mounds, light vs shade
examples of heterogeneity in communities
R²
coefficient of determination, tells how strong relationship between variables is
in a correlation one thing is not dependent on the other, no independent or dependent variables
Difference between correlation and regression
no disturbance
major assumption of grimes’ models
disturbance
Event that causes mortality and frees up resources for surviving inviduals
intermediate disturbance hypothesis
huston and connells prediction about species richness
decrease phase
At the extreme right of graph, disturbances are either very intense or very frequent
increase phase
At the extreme left, disturbances are small and infrequent
intermediate
at what disturbance level can the most species survive?
richness, evenness
There is much evidence for the humped pattern for ___________, less for ___________
productive sites
where would disturbances have to be more frequent to prevent competitive exclusion?
low, high
Similar R* = _______ rate of competitive displacement
Very different R* = ______ rate of CD
low, high
High environmental variability = ___________ rate of competitive displacement
low variability = __________ rate of CD
increases
The amount of disturbance required to maximize diversity _________ as the rate
of competitive displacement increases
Huston
who modeled disturbance, productivity, and diversity together
no
should diversity be high where disturbance and productivity approach zero
no
should diversity be high where disturbance and productivity are both high?
evolutionary speed, geographic area, interspecific interactions, ambient energy, productivity, disturbance
what other factors influence S?
Harner and Harper Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands
Evidence for effect of spatial heterogeneity on S
grimes grassland plots
Evidence for effect of productivity on S (decrease phase)
henry and swan forensic study of the woods
Evidence for effect of disturbance on S (increase phase)
Howard and Lee shade tolerance
Evidence for effect of disturbance on S (decrease phase)