PSYCH TEST 2 ( Chapters 7 - 10 )

Study Guide for Test 2 Psychology 202 Developmental Psychology

What are the motor skills developed by age 3?

Information processing/memory is not accurate; no object permanence.

What fine motor skills are developed by age 4?

Small body movements like hand and finger movements/grasping.

What gross motor skills are developed by age 5?

Large body movements.

What is Piaget's stage of cognitive development in preschool years?

Preoperational thinking.

What is symbolic function?

The ability to use symbols, words or objects to represent something that is not physically present.

What is conservation?

The knowledge that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects.

What is egocentric thought?

Thinking that does not take into account the viewpoints of others.

What is private speech?

Speech by children that is spoken and directed to themselves.

What is social speech?

Speech by children that is spoken and directed towards others.

SHORT ANSWER!! What is KEYSTONE STARS?

Standards, Training, Assistance, Resources, Support.

SHORT ANSWER!! What are Montessori Preschools?

Child-centered, the child learns independence.

SHORT ANSWER!! What are Reggio Emilia Preschools?

Hands-on approach where the child has control and learns to play with and around others.

What is Erikson's stage of psychosocial development in preschool years?

Initiative vs Guilt stage (ages 3 to 6).

What is gender identity?

Sense of being male or female, usually happens around age 2.

What is functional play?

Repetitive gross motor skills.

What is constructive play?

Manipulative fine motor skills.

What is parallel play?

Playing with the same toys side by side.

What is onlooker play?

Watching others play.

What is an Authoritarian parenting style?

Demanding & rejecting.

What is a permissive parenting style?

Undemanding/relaxed & accepting.

What is an Authoritative/Supportive parenting style?

Demanding & accepting.

What is an Uninvolved/Neglectful parenting style?

Undemanding/relaxed & rejecting.

What is resilience?

The ability to overcome circumstances no matter how tough.

SHORT ANSWER!! List 5 types of play and describe them (early childhood)

Pretend play

Functional play

Constructive play

Parallel play

Onlooker play

What is Erikson's stage of psychosocial development in Middle Childhood?

Industry vs Inferiority.

What is self-concept?

The perception of one's self; it changes based on everyday actions.

What is a blended family?

A remarried couple that has at least one stepchild living with them.

What cultures have a strong sense of multi-generational families?

Families with strong roots in their cultural history, e.g., Hispanic families.

What is emotional intelligence?

Examples include empathy, caring, friendships, and social skills.

SHORT ANSWER!! What are gross motor activities in Middle Childhood?

Activities like skipping, balancing, throwing, jumping, and leaping.

SHORT ANSWER!! What are fine motor activities in Middle Childhood?

Involving precise movements like writing, drawing, or manipulating small objects.

What is visual impairment?

Any condition affecting a child's ability to see properly.

What is hearing impairment?

Any degree of hearing loss; the most common speech impairment is stuttering.

What are specific learning disorders?

Difficulties in acquiring and using skills like reading, writing, or reasoning.

What is Vygotsky's zone of proximal development?

Tasks that are too difficult for a child to complete independently but can be accomplished with guidance.

What is Piaget's stage of Cognitive Development in middle childhood?

Children enter the concrete operational stage, using logical thinking in concrete situations.

SHORT ANSWER!! List Gilligan’s first stage of morality for women

Preconventional: Individual survival.

SHORT ANSWER!! List Gilligan’s second stage of morality for women

Conventional, self sacrifice is goodness

SHORT ANSWER!! List Gilligan’s third stage of morality for women

Postconventional, do not hurt one self or others

SHORT ANSWER!! List and define Kohlberg's 3 levels of moral development, or his 6 stages.