Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells: Key concepts in biology: Biology: GCSE (9:1)

Eukaryotic cell

A cell type where the genetic material is enclosed within a nucleus

Animal cell

A type of eukaryotic cell with a cell membrane and mitochondria but no chloroplasts or cell wall

Plant cell

A type of eukaryotic cell with a cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplasts and a cell wall

Prokaryotic cell

A cell type where the genetic material is free within the cytoplasm and sometimes within plasmids

Cell membrane

Controls the entry of substances into and outside of the cell

Nucleus

Contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell

Ribosomes

Where protein synthesis takes place

Cytoplasm

A jelly-like substance that contains organelles and is where chemical reactions take place

Mitochondria

Where aerobic respiration takes place

Permanent vacuole

A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap found in plant cells

Cell wall

An outside layer of cellulose which strengthens and supports plant and algal cells

Plasmids

Small rings of extra DNA found in bacterial cells

Chloroplasts

Contains chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells

Chlorophyll

A green pigment found in the chloroplast that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

Bacterial cell

A single celled prokaryotic cell with free genetic material, a cell membrane and a cell wall

DNA loop

A single molecule of DNA that is found free in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes

Flagella

A long, whip-like filament that allows certain bacterial cells to move