test 1: basics of chemistry

rule 1: walk

don’t run during labs because you could accidentally knock over equipment or trip

rule 2: proper lab attire

wear closed toed shoes, safety goggles, and lab coats, and keep your hair tied back

rule 3 : handling chemicals

* wear gloves when pouring
* tell the teacher if there’s a spill
* NEVER pour chemicals back into the container they came from
* never smell a chemical directly

rule 4: handling equipment

* hold microscopes and glassware with both hands
* always use tongs if something is hot

rule 5: broken glass

if you break glassware, don’t touch it and tell the teacher immediately

rule 6: eyewash and shower stations

* if something gets in your eyes, walk to the eye wash station and rinse your eyes out for 15 minutes
* if something gets on your skin, walk to the shower and rinse your body for 15 minutes
* tell the teacher

rule 7: fire safety

* tell the teacher
* walk to the fire extinguisher, pull the safety pin, aim the nozzle towards the fire (don’t touch it after that), and push the handle down

rule 8: no eating and drinking

lab equipment and tables may not be properly sanitized and could contaminate the food

rule 9: cleaning up

* pour chemicals into the waste container, not the sink
* clean up equipment with soap and water (only time sink should be on)
* safety goggles and coats should only be hung up on the rack they came from

rule 10: hand washing

always wash your hands with soap and water before leaving the lab to avoid getting sick

erlenmeyer (conical) flask

holds solids or liquids that release gases or tend to splatter

beaker

holds solids or liquids that don’t release gases or tend to splatter

graduated cylinder

used to measure volumes of liquids

volumetric flask

used for precise dilutions and preparing solutions

test tube brushes

used to clean test tubes and graduated cylinders

test tube holder

used to hold hot test tubes

test tube racks

used for holding and organizing test tubes

rubber stoppers

used to close containers to avoid spills or contamination

spot plates

used to perform many small reactions at once

glass stir rod

used to manually stir solutions or transfer single drops

medicine dropper

used to transfer small volumes of liquid (

forceps/tweezers

used to pick up small objects

funnel

used to aid in the transfer of liquid from one vessel to another

hot plate

used to heat up substances without using a flame

chemical balance

used to measure mass of chemicals

watch glass

used to hold small amounts of solids

pipet

measures and delivers exact volumes of liquids

wash bottle

has a spout to deliver distilled water to a specific area

beaker tongs

used to move hot beakers

bunsen burner

used to heat nonvolatile liquids and solids with a flame

crucible

used to heat metals to high temperatures

evaporating dish

used to heat stable solid compounds and elements

crucible tongs

for handling hot crucibles

clay triangle

support for porcelain crucibles on a bunsen burner

utility clamps

secure test tubes, distillation columns, and burettes to ringstands

wire gauze

provides place to stand beaker on iron ring

burette

dispensing extremely accurate amounts of chemical solutions

significant figures in multiplication and division

answer must have same number of sig figs as the measurement with the least sig figs

significant figures in addition and subtraction

answer must have same amount of digits to the right of the decimal as the measurement with the least number of digits to the right of the decimal

calculating percentage error

|estimated value-accepted value| / accepted value \* 100