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Crystal Palace
A gigantic structure built in 1851 by Joseph Paxton, located in London and housing the first World's Fair.
Skeleton and Skin System
A construction technique in which a strong supporting material is used to create a structure, covered by a protective outer layer or 'skin'.
Arts and Crafts Movement
An artistic movement founded by William Morris as a reaction against mechanization, emphasizing the beauty and utility of art based on natural forms.
William Morris
An influential artist, craftsman, and writer who founded the Arts and Crafts movement and established Morris & Company.
Kelmscott Press
A printing press founded by William Morris in 1888, known for its beautiful publications, including the complete works of Chaucer.
Art Nouveau
A design style characterized by organic and curvilinear forms, which embraced new materials and technologies, prominent in the late 1800s.
Art Deco
A design style defined by 90-degree angles, straight lines, and geometric shapes that became popular in the 1920s and 1930s.
De Stijl
A Dutch artistic movement focused on simplicity and abstraction, characterized by geometric forms and primary colors, emerging after World War I.
Russian Constructivism
An art and design movement that emerged in Russia post-1917 and emphasized geometric forms and social utility.
Streamlining
An American design style characterized by aerodynamically designed forms that emphasize efficiency, popularized in the mid-1930s.
Bauhaus
An influential art and design school established in Germany in 1919 that promoted the equal importance of various art forms and modernist principles.
Walter Gropius
The founder of the Bauhaus, recognized for his innovative architectural designs and modernist ideology.
László Moholy-Nagy
A teacher at the Bauhaus known for his contributions to photography and graphic design.
Josef Albers
An influential artist at the Bauhaus known for graphic design and glass-making, later recognized for his work in color theory.
Oskar Schlemmer
A Bauhaus director known for his contributions to theater and sculpture.
Marcel Breuer
An architect and designer famous for developing the steel-tubed chair, notably the Vasily chair created at the Bauhaus.
Nam June Paik
An artist associated with the Bauhaus known for his innovative sculptures incorporating multimedia and technology.
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