US History - test #5

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Define the Square Deal

The Square Deal was Roosevelt’s campaign promise during the 1904 election. It was supposed to ensure that all Americans got an equal shot and a fair deal. It broke up monopolies.

Define the 16th Amendment

It allowed the government to collect income taxes.

Identify who ran for president in 1912 and which candidate won and why

Roosevelt, Wilson, and Taft ran for president in 1912. Woodrow Wilson won because Roosevelt and Taft split the Republican votes, leaving Wilson with some Republican votes and a large majority of Democratic votes.

List the 4 long-term causes of the war and be able to identify the definition of each term

Militarism: glorification of the military and process of aggressive military preparedness. Alliances: They were formed as another form of preparing for war. Imperialism: Major European countries were wresting for power and control in Africa. Nationalism: devotion to one’s nation. Countries had a belief that a nation should express the nationalism of a single ethnic group. This led to international rivalries.

List the short-term cause of the war and the parties involved

The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. Parties involved: Archduke, Black Hand/terrorist group, Gavrilo Princip was the shooter.

Identify the countries involved in the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente

Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. Triple Entente: France, Russia, and Great Britain

Identify the primary countries that were members of the Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey/Ottoman Empire

Identify the primary countries that were members of the Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, and Russia

Identify the two primary fronts of the war and which countries were associated with which front

Western Front: British and French (and Americans) battled against the Germans

Eastern Front: Germany also fought against the Russians with assistance from Austria-Hungary

Identify what type of warfare was used during most of this war

Trench warfare

Define trench foot

A disease due to standing in the cold, wet, and muddy trenches for hours.

Define No Man's Land

It was located between enemy lines. People shot down anything in the way. It was impassable. People would die if they attempted to cross.

Define stalemate and know the relation this term has to the war

Stalemate means further action or progress from opposing parties seems impossible. Neither the Central or Allied powers could gain an advantage. In 2 key battles, the Germans had 450,000 casualties and French had 550,000. With these mass casualties, the western front barely moved.

Identify the importance of the Lusitania and the details surrounding the event

The U.S. claimed they were neutral, but they were mainly trading with the allies. Germany got revenge by launching U-boats. They threatened to attack civilian ships if they showed that they supported the Allies. They torpedoed the Lusitania killing around 1,198 people and 128 Americans.

Define the Sussex Pledge

It was a promise between Germany and the U.S. Germany agreed that they would first attempt to board ships, not attack. They agreed to stop unrestricted submarine warfare against non-military ships.

Define the National Defense Act

It was passed in 1916. It was a push by Wilson to increase the size of the military (soldiers and Navy).

Define the Zimmerman Telegram and the details surrounding this document

It was a telegram created by Arthur Zimmerman. It was from Germany and was intended to be sent to Mexico, but it was intercepted by the British and turned over to the U.S. It asked Mexico to invade the U.S. while Germany finished the war in Europe. In exchange, Germany would help Mexico reclaim its lost territory (AZ, NM, TX).

Define Espionage Act

Law passed in 1917 that prohibited interference with military operations, support for enemies, making false statements that could interfere with the war, and giving information to foreign governments.

Define the Alien Sedition Act

Made it a crime to use disloyal, abusive, and profane language about the U.S. Government, military, or its war effort.

Define the Selective Service Act and be able to identify what the size of America’s military was before the draft

It allowed President Wilson to draft men into the military for World War I. It required that all males aged 21-30 registered. 120k people were in the military before the draft.

Define the Committee on Public Information

President Wilson created it, and the goal was to create a propaganda campaign to inspire patriotism and frame America as a crusading nation intended on saving Western civilization.

Identify reasons why America’s involvement in the War helped push the Allies to victory

The physical presense of the American Army provided a blockade to the German war plans. The US provided naval escorts to quickly curve the German U-boat success. 2 million American Expeditionary Forces joined the British and French armies in a series of counter offensives.

Define the Treaty of Versailles and explain why America failed to ratify the treaty

The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed in 1919 that ended the war between Germany and the Allied Powers. President Wilson wanted to ratify the treaty because he believed that it was the best way to ensure lasting world peace. This included the League of Nations. The US Senate (full of Republicans) didn’t want to be a part of the League of Nations because it would get us involved in foreign affairs.

Define Reparations (aka War Guilt Clause)

They were pushed for by the French. They are payments or compensation a country has to pay to make up for damage or harm they caused after a war. Germany had to pay 33 billion dollars to the Allied Powers.

Define the League of Nations and identify America’s stance on this alliance system

The League of Nations was an international organization created after WWI with a goal to keep peace and prevent future wars. President Wilson (Democrat) strongly supported it. The US Senate (mostly Republican) opposed it. Many Americans wanted to return to isolationism.

Explain the impact of the Spanish Flu within the United States and globally

It was first reported in Kansas and it began to spread. Soldiers carried it with them overseas. The flu later mutated and became deadlier. It targeted people aged 18-35. It killed 50 million people worldwide. During the war, more people died from this flu than combat.

Why was the Pandemic of 1918 called the Spanish Flu? Which was deadlier, the Spanish Flu or World War I? 

It was called the Spanish Flu because the Spanish were the only ones to report about it, so people assumed that is where it originated. The Spanish Flu was dealier than WWI.