Year 9 Science Exam revision

What is insulin, and where is it produced?

Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, that's produced from the pancreas.

What's the order of the circulatory system?

Right atrium - Right ventricle - Pulmonary artery - Lungs - Pulmonary veins - Left ventricle - Aorta - Body - Vena cava.

What's chemical digestion?

Breaking down complex food molecules into simpler food molecules by chemically changing it using acids and enzymes.

What's mechanical digestion?

Physically breaking down the food by gnawing it down into simpler pieces, without chemically changing.

What does the small intestine do?

absorbs nutrients

What does the large intestine do?

Reabsorbs water and stores and eliminates undigested food

What's a beaker used for?

Holding, stirring, mixing, and heating liquids.

What's a test tube used for?

Mixing small amounts of liquids.

What's a conical flask?

Holding, stirring, mixing, and heating liquids.

What's a filter used for?

Used with filter paper to separate solids from liquids.

What's a measuring cylinder used for?

Designed for measuring liquids and volumes.

What's an evaporating dish used for?

To separate out any solids that dissolved in a liquid by heating it.

What does a gauze do?

Used to evenly distribute the heat.

What's filtration?

Separating solids from liquids.

What's evaporation?

A liquid turning into a gas.

What's distillation?

The separation of liquids.

What's chromatography?

The separation of colours.

What's soluble?

Substances that dissolve in liquids.

What's insoluble?

Substances that can't dissolve in liquids.

What's a controlled variable?

what stays the same in an experiment, to ensure it's fair.

What's an independent variable?

The one condition in the experiment that is tested, and that's changed to prove a point/theory.

What's a dependent variable?

What you measure in an experiment to collect your results.

What's the three states of matter?

solid, liquid, gas

What is melting, and does it require heat or release heat?

Melting is a solid turning into a liquid, requiring heat.

What's freezing, and does it require heat or release heat?

Freezing is a liquid turning into a solid, releasing heat.

What's boiling/evaporation, and does it require heat or release heat?

A liquid turning into a gas, requiring heat.

What's condensation, and does it require heat or release heat?

Gas turning into a liquid, releasing heat.

What's sublimation, and does it require heat or release heat?

A solid changing into a gas, requiring heat.

What's deposition, and does it require heat or release heat?

A gas turning into a solid, releasing heat.

What's convection?

When heat travels through fluids (liquids and gases).

What's conduction?

Conduction of heat is the process where vibrating particles pass on their kinetic energy to neighbouring particles (only solids).

What's radiation?

transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves.

How do you calculate speed?

speed = distance/time

How do you calculate time?

time = distance/speed

How do you calculate distance?

distance = speed x time

What's potential energy?

is stored energy due to its location (rock on a hill) or structure (spring) that is not currently being used to do work.

What's kinetic energy?

the energy of matter in motion.

What's friction?

A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact.

What's aerodynamics?

The study of objects interfering with air.

What's a light source?

A source that emits its own light.

What's a reflector?

A reflector is simply a tool that reflects light.

What's light?

A form of energy that travels in straight lines.

What's refraction?

When a light ray changes direction as it changes speed when it passes from one medium to another

What happens when light hits a concave mirror?

It meets at a focal point.

What happens when light hits a convex mirror?

It diverges.

What happens when light goes through a concave lens?

It diverges.

What happens when light goes through a convex lens?

It converges (meets at a point).

What are the primary colours of white light?

Green, red, and blue.

How do you make cyan?

green and blue.

How do you make yellow?

green and red

How do you make magenta?

red and blue

What does the pupil do?

allows light to enter the eye

What does the iris do?

Controls how much light enters the pupil

What does the retina do?

Converts images into a form that the brain can understand and process as vision.

What does the optic nerve do?

Carries impulses from the receptors to the brain

What's opaque?

When no light passes through because it's absorbed.

What's transparent?

When light goes through an object and the same amount of light leaves.

What's translucent?

When light goes through an object but only some comes out.

What is a heart rate?

The number of times the heart beats per minute

What's a rod?

A photoreceptor in the retina. It detects the differences in light

What's a cone?

A photoreceptor in the retina. Detects colour.

What are the 4 main food groups?

Grains, protein, dairy, and fruits and vegetables.

What is BMI, and why is it a bad indicator of a healthy weight?

It stands for body mass index, and it is not a good indicator because it does not differentiate between body fat and muscles.

What is the equation for respiration?

oxygen + glucose > carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)

Where does gas exchange occur?

In the alveoli.

What is type 1 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes is a genetic issue where you don't produce enough insulin.

What is type 2 diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes occurs when you live an unhealthy lifestyle, and your body doesn't use the insulin well.