mining through social media platforms

Commodity availability

Sự sẵn có của hàng hoá.

Monetary support

Sự hỗ trợ về mặt tài chính

The unemployed need monetary support from the government to cope with the hardship of finding a job.

Brand visibility

nhận diện thương hiệu / nhận thức phương hiệu

Most businesses tend to prioritise their band visibility more than the core of the content.

The essence (n)

= the important / the vital

In a nutshell, the essence of the movie is about friendship, facing reality and overcoming hardships.

The Economic is booming

Kinh tế phát triển nhanh

In retaliation

"The country imposed tariffs on imported goods in retaliation for unfair trade

Dissonance (n)

= confliction ( sự bất hoà, sự không hoà nhập) .

• There’s a cultural dissonance in how different generations view success.There’s a cultural dissonance in how different generations view success.

Publishing (n)

Ngành xuất bản

• She works in the publishing industry.

• The publishing of his first novel was a big success.

Publicity (n)

Sự công khai, sự chú ý

=> Nintendo’s actions may have hurt their image due to the wave of bad publicity.

Coverage (n)

sự đưa tin

=> The Nintendo incident is gaining widespread media coverage.

A blanket coverage

Sự phủ sóng

=>The scandal received blanket coverage across all major news networks.

Nintendo's decision triggered blanket coverage on gaming forums and YouTube.

To provide an extensive coverage

Cung cấp đưa tin chuyên sâu (về điều gì / về cái gì )

YouTubers are providing extensive coverage of the Nintendo incident, analyzing every update.

The article provides extensive coverage of the environmental impact of deforestation.

To probe into something

Dò xét cái gì đó.

Thăm dò cái gì đó.

The journalist probed into the company’s financial records.

“YouTubers are probing into Nintendo’s issues recently.”

To issue /distribute the leaflet

Cấp / phân phối tờ rơi quảng cáo.

They hired people to distribute the leaflet on the street.

Volunteers distributed leaflets to raise awareness about the event.

The company is distributing leaflets to promote their new product.

Newsletter (n)

Bản tin

I subscribed to the Nintendo newsletter to get updates about new games.

The school sends out a weekly newsletter to parents.

Many YouTubers now have newsletters to keep their fans informed.

Cutting ( n)

Bài báo cắt ra

He made a cutting from the newspaper about the Nintendo incident.

Unveil

Tiết lộ, đưa ra

1. The investigation unveiled the truth behind the scandal.

2. The company will unveil its new logo at the conference.

To appear profoundly / deliberately misleading about something

Có vẻ hiểu lầm sâu sắc / cố tình gây hiểu lầm về vấn đề gì đó.

=>The advertisement was deliberately misleading, exaggerating the product's features.

1. She gave a deliberately misleading impression of her involvement in the project.

to allegedly mislead something

Bị cho là đánh lừa cái gì đó,

=> The company allegedly misled customers about the true cost of the subscription.

An astonishing / sensational / shattering / divine revelation about / concerning something

Sự tiết lộ đáng kinh ngạc / giật gân / gây choáng váng / siêu phàm về cái gì.

=> Fans were hit with a shattering revelation about Nintendo’s price changes—it wasn’t just inflation, but also a strategic market test.

=>The sensational revelation about the real reason behind the price increase led to online backlash.

To look / consider something apparently genuine

Trông / coi cái gì đó có vẻ là thật

=> The announcement from Nintendo seemed apparently genuine at first, but fans began to question its timing.

=>At first glance, the leak looked apparently genuine, sparking major discussion online.

Onward

• “From now onwards, I’ll focus more on my studies.”

• “The museum will be open from 10 a.m. onwards.”

• “He lived in Tokyo from 2010 onwards.”

Liveable city

thành phố có thể sống được.

Solar panel installation

lắp đặt tấm pin mặt trời

Green infrastructure

cơ sở hạ tầng xanh

Environmental conversation

sự giữ gìn môi trường

High-end fabric

Vải cao cấp

A continuous upward /downward trend

xu hướng tăng/giảm liên tục.
Oil consumption in the Middle East in a continuous upward trend from 2009 to 2030.

Filigree

Depict

The line chart depicts trends in consumption across four regions.

Commence

to start (something).
=> 📉 The downward trend in Western Europe and Japan commenced around 2015, continuing until 2030.ProP

To make the decision to price something.

đưa ra / đề ra quyết định đề giá cho một cái gì đó.
=> The reason why they made the decision to price the tutor game is unpredictable.

Projection (n)

Oil usage is projected to decline by 2030.

Densely

một cách dày đặc / một cách đặc quánh.
=> HCM and Hanoi are one of the most densely populated cities in Vietnam.

Metropolitan areas

large urban area / big cities / modern regions.
The effects of increasing funding on the public transport system, especially in metropolitan areas due to the high population density in those regions.

Decifit (v,n)

sự thiếu hụt, sự thâm hụt , sự thụt lỗ…
Many developing countries face economic deficits due to excessive government spending.

the aching hole in his heart.

a deep emotional pain and sorrow in his heart.
No matter how much he tried to hide it the aching in his heart will never recover.

Self - induced

emotional pain or suffering caused by one's own actions.
=>The country is currently facing a self-induced economic crisis due to poor financial planning and corruption.

Rebound

= Bật lại
= hồi phục
=> Despite the stock market rebounded, several immense damages have been made not just reputation and economically on the global scale.

Back down

sự rút lui / sự rút lui.
The president backed down from the current policy due to the massive backlash from around the world.

Tariff havoc

The economic turmoil caused by increased tariffs that disrupt trade and lead to financial instability.
(sự tàn phá bởi thuế quan )

Mull (v)

= Ponder
= Think about / on …

=> China mulling a ban on Hollywood movies and imposing 84% tariffs on the U.S. products.

Lumbering

Lumbering means moving in a slow, heavy, and awkward way.

Examples:

• The bear came lumbering out of the woods.

• He was lumbering down the hallway with a huge backpack.

2. As a noun (less common):

In some contexts, “lumbering” can also refer to the lumber industry (cutting down trees and processing wood).

But in most daily conversation or writing, it’s used as the verb form (slow, heavy movement).

Comparison:

• The elephant was lumbering across the field. → slow, heavy movement

• Lumbering is important in the Canadian economy. → refers to the wood industry (noun)

Associate with…

1.

To be connected or linked with something:

• People often associate chocolate with happiness.
  (They mentally connect chocolate to happiness.)

• The color white is associated with purity in many cultures.

2.

To spend time with (socially):

• He doesn’t associate with those people anymore.
  (He doesn’t spend time with them or want to be connected to them.)

• She was warned not to associate with bad influences.

Encounter with

"She encountered the Final Fantasy world when she took on the role of Yuffie, one of the most popular characters in the game."

change around

1. Physical things:

• I changed around the furniture in my room.
  → I moved the furniture to different spots.

2. Schedule or plan:

• We had to change around the meeting times.
  → We adjusted or rearranged the schedule.

3. Used casually:

• She likes to change things around every season.
  → She often rearranges or updates things.

Change into

1. To put on different clothes (very common):

• I’m going to change into my pajamas.
  → You switch from one outfit to another.

• She changed into a dress for the party.

2. To become something different (transformation):

• The caterpillar changed into a butterfly.
  → It transformed completely.

• The mood of the movie changed into something darker.
  → The atmosphere shifted or transformed.

change out of + [clothing]

Examples:

• I changed out of my work clothes and into something more comfortable.

• She changed out of her uniform after school.

• He quickly changed out of his wet clothes.

Compare:

• Change into = put new clothes on

• Change out of = take old clothes off

They’re often used together:

• He changed out of his pajamas and into a suit.

Do away with = eliminate / remove / get rid of

1. Rules or systems:

• They did away with the old policy last year.
  → They stopped using the old policy.

2. Objects or habits:

• We should do away with plastic bags.
  → We should eliminate them.

3. (Old-fashioned, criminal use):

• He tried to do away with the evidence.
  → He tried to get rid of or destroy the evidence.
  (In fiction or crime stories, it can even mean “kill,” but this is much less common in everyday use.)

Do up

1. To fasten or button clothes

• Do up your coat, it’s cold outside.
  → Fasten the buttons or zip it up.

• She did up the back of her dress.
  → She closed it (zip or buttons).

2. To renovate or decorate (a building or room)

• They did up the old house before selling it.
  → They repaired or redecorated it.

• We’re doing up our kitchen next month.
  → They’re improving or upgrading it.

3. To wrap or tie something

• The gift was done up with a red ribbon.
  → Nicely wrapped or tied.

Key in

Examples:

• I keyed in my password to log in.

• She keyed in the customer’s details on the form.

• Please key in your phone number at the checkout.

Structure:

key in + [information]

Make into

Examples:

1. Physical transformation:

• She made the old shirt into a tote bag.
  → She changed its purpose.

• They made the warehouse into a café.

2. Metaphorical transformation:

• Hard work can make you into a better person.
  → Change your character or abilities.

• The director made the book into a movie.
  → Adapted it.

Take apart = To disassemble or break something down into parts.

Examples:

1. Literal (physical objects):

• He took apart the radio to fix it.

• Kids love taking apart toys to see how they work.

2. Figurative (ideas or arguments):

• The critic took apart the movie in her review.
  → She analyzed or criticized it in detail.

• He took apart my argument with solid evidence.
  → He showed all the flaws or broke it down logically.

To try or experiment with something to check its quality, effectiveness, or performance.

Examples:

1. Technology or tools:

• I tested out the new app yesterday.

• They’re testing out a new feature on the website.

2. Ideas or methods:

• We want to test out a new teaching method.

• She tested out her presentation before the meeting.

3. Products:

• I test out all my recipes before sharing them online.

Use up

Examples:

1. Everyday situations:

• I used up all the milk this morning.

• Don’t use up all the hot water!

2. Time or energy:

• She used up all her energy running the marathon.

• This project used up most of my weekend.

Wear out

1. Make something too old or damaged to use (from overuse)

→ Usually about clothes, shoes, or equipment.

Examples:

• I wore out my sneakers after hiking every day.

• This T-shirt is worn out—I need a new one.

2. Make someone very tired (emotionally or physically)

→ Often used in daily conversation.

Examples:

• Work completely wore me out today.

• Taking care of the kids all day wears her out.

Amend.

To change, correct, or improve something, often in a formal or official way.

Examples:

1. Documents / laws:

• The government amended the law to include new safety regulations.

• He amended his essay after receiving feedback.

2. Statements or behavior:

• She amended her previous comments to clarify her point.

• He tried to amend his mistakes by apologizing.

Common phrases:

• Amend a contract

• Amend a law

• Amend a statement

• Make amends (slightly different meaning: to apologize or fix a wrong)

Deteriorate (v)

To get worse or decline, especially gradually.

Examples:

1. Health:

• His health began to deteriorate after the accident.

2. Conditions or situations:

• The relationship between the two countries has deteriorated.

• The building has deteriorated due to years of neglect.

3. Weather or environment:

• The weather deteriorated quickly, turning into a storm.

• Air quality deteriorates in big cities.

Refine (v)

To improve or polish something step by step.

Examples:

1. Skills or ideas:

• She refined her writing after getting feedback.

• The company is refining its marketing strategy.

2. Processes or systems:

• We need to refine the production process to reduce waste.

• Scientists refined the method to get more accurate results.

3. Materials (literal meaning):

• Sugar is refined to remove impurities.

Status quo (n)

Meaning:

The existing state of things—the way things are right now, especially when things aren’t changing.

Examples:

1. Society or politics:

• Many people are unhappy with the status quo and want change.

• The new leader promised to challenge the status quo.

2. Business or systems:

• Some companies stick to the status quo instead of taking risks.

• Innovators often disrupt the status quo with new ideas.

Synonyms:

• The current state

• The present situation

• Existing conditions

• The way things are

Substitute (v.n)

As a verb:

Meaning: To use something instead of something else.

Structure:

• substitute A for B = use A instead of B

Examples:

• You can substitute honey for sugar in this recipe.
  → Use honey instead of sugar.

• The coach substituted a new player in the second half.
  → Replaced one player with another.

As a noun:

Meaning: A person or thing that takes the place of another.

Examples:

• Soy milk is a good substitute for cow’s milk.

• The substitute teacher was very kind.

Synonyms:

• Replace (verb)

• Replacement (noun)

• Switch

• Stand-in

Sustain (v)

Main meanings:

1. To maintain or keep going over time

• It’s difficult to sustain economic growth during a recession.

• She couldn’t sustain her energy throughout the marathon.

2. To support or nourish

• This diet provides enough nutrients to sustain life.

• The forest can no longer sustain so many species due to climate change.

3. To endure or suffer (less common use)

• The building sustained heavy damage during the earthquake.

Synonyms:

• Maintain

• Support

• Continue

• Endure

• Uphold

Have a change of heart

Meaning:

To change your mind, especially when you feel differently than you did before.

Examples:

• She was going to move abroad, but she had a change of heart and decided to stay.

• I didn’t want a pet at first, but after meeting that kitten, I had a change of heart.

• He had a change of heart about quitting his job.

Use in IELTS:

This idiom is informal, so it’s best for Speaking Part 2 or 3, not Writing Task 2 (which is more formal).

Example (Speaking):

“At first, I didn’t want to study abroad, but I had a change of heart after talking to a few friends who had amazing experiences.”

A leopard can’t change its spots

Meaning:

Someone’s core personality or behavior won’t change, especially if it’s negative or deeply ingrained.

Examples:

• He promised he would be more responsible, but he’s always late. A leopard can’t change its spots.

• She said she’d stop gossiping, but I don’t believe her—a leopard can’t change its spots.

Tone:

• Often used in a cynical or doubtful way.

• Can sound negative—it suggests that change is unlikely.

Use in IELTS:

Use it only in Speaking, especially when talking about personality, trust, or behavior.

Example (Speaking Part 3):

“Some people think criminals can’t be fully reformed, saying ‘a leopard can’t change its spots,’ but I believe people can change with the right support.”

All mod cons

Meaning:

A place that has modern appliances or facilities, like hot water, air conditioning, a washing machine, etc.

Examples:

• The apartment is small but has all mod cons, including a dishwasher and smart TV.

• I prefer camping with all mod cons, like a portable shower and electric cooker.

• The hotel offers all mod cons to make your stay comfortable.

Common Contexts:

• Describing homes, hotels, apartments

• Comparing modern vs. traditional lifestyles

• Talking about comfort and convenience

Use in IELTS:

Great for Speaking Part 2 or 3, especially when describing a place you live in, stayed at, or would like to visit.

Example (Speaking Part 2 – describing a home):

“The flat I stayed in had all mod cons—it even had a coffee machine and a smart thermostat.”

Know sth inside out

Meaning:

To know every detail of a subject, topic, or thing because of lots of experience or study.

Examples:

• She knows this software inside out—ask her if you need help.

• I’ve read the book so many times, I know it inside out.

• He knows the city inside out, so he never gets lost.

Synonyms:

• Be an expert in

• Be very familiar with

• Have deep knowledge of

Use in IELTS:

Useful for Speaking, especially when you talk about:

• Your job

• A subject you’ve studied

• A place you know well

Example (Speaking Part 2 – describing a skill):

“I’ve been using Photoshop for years, so I know it inside out.”

Stick to your guns

Meaning:

To remain determined and not change your mind, especially under pressure or opposition.

Examples:

• Even though everyone else disagreed with her idea, she stuck to her guns and got the project approved.

• He stuck to his guns about moving to the countryside, despite all the challenges.

• She had to stick to her guns when her team tried to change her design.

Synonyms:

• Stand firm

• Hold your ground

• Be resolute

• Stay committed

Use in IELTS:

Great for Speaking when discussing topics like:

• Decision-making

• Personal beliefs

• Facing challenges

Example (Speaking Part 3 – talking about personal values):

“In difficult situations, I always stick to my guns if I believe in something, even if it’s unpopular.”

Reinvent the wheel

Meaning:

To do something unnecessarily or overcomplicate a solution when a simple solution already exists.

Examples:

• There’s no need to reinvent the wheel—just use the template that was already made.

• The new software developers are reinventing the wheel by creating a new system when there’s already a great one in place.

• Don’t reinvent the wheel—just follow the instructions and finish the task efficiently.

Synonyms:

• Overcomplicate things

• Repeat work unnecessarily

• Re-do something already done

Use in IELTS:

This idiom is useful in Speaking Part 3 when talking about solutions or strategies that already exist.

Example (Speaking Part 3 – discussing problem-solving):

“Instead of reinventing the wheel, it’s better to build on existing ideas and improve them.”

The tools of the trade

Meaning:

The necessary items or skills that are required for a particular profession, hobby, or activity.

Examples:

• For a photographer, a good camera and editing software are the tools of the trade.

• As a chef, knives and a cutting board are essential tools of the trade.

• To be a successful writer, having a computer and a strong vocabulary are the tools of the trade.

Synonyms:

• Necessary tools

• Equipment

• Resources

• Essentials

Use in IELTS:

This idiom is useful in Speaking Part 2 or 3 when describing jobs, careers, or activities.

Example (Speaking Part 2 – talking about a profession):

“As a graphic designer, Adobe software and a high-performance computer are the tools of the trade.”

Break the mould

Meaning:

To create a new approach or change the usual way of doing things, especially when it’s innovative or unconventional.

Examples:

• The new company’s approach to customer service really breaks the mould by focusing on personalization.

• She’s always thinking outside the box—she loves to break the mould in her designs.

• The director broke the mould with the unique storytelling style in the film.

Synonyms:

• Innovate

• Change the game

• Think outside the box

• Challenge tradition

Use in IELTS:

Great for Speaking Part 3 when discussing innovation, creativity, or new ideas.

Example (Speaking Part 3 – talking about creativity):

“In today’s competitive market, businesses need to break the mould and offer something different to stand out.”

Change your tune

Meaning:

To alter your perspective or opinion—often because of new information or circumstances.

Examples:

• He was against the idea at first, but after hearing all the facts, he changed his tune.

• She used to dislike classical music, but she’s changed her tune after attending a concert.

• After the company’s profits improved, the CEO changed his tune about the new strategy.

Synonyms:

• Change your mind

• Alter your opinion

• Reconsider

• Reverse your stance

Use in IELTS:

This idiom can be used in Speaking Part 3 when talking about changing opinions or adapting to new information.

Example (Speaking Part 3 – discussing changing opinions):

“It’s natural for people to change their tune when presented with new evidence that challenges their initial beliefs.”

Deftly

Một cách khéo léo, một cách gọn gàng, một cách nhanh chóng.

• The chef deftly chopped the vegetables.

• She deftly handled the difficult question during the interview.

• He deftly avoided the topic by changing the subject.

Lesser values

Các giá trị ít hơn / mang các giá trị nhỏ hơn

No developments want to make their products lesser value, in fact, they will increase their price after the Nintendo incident.

Deter

Ngăn chặn, phòng chặn

→ Deter potential offenders .

To address the underlying causes

giải quyết tận gốc nguyên nhân gây ra một điều gì đó,

Vocational training

Đào tạo nghề nghiệp

psychological support

Hỗ trợ về mặt tâm lý.

to reintegrate into society

Hoà nhập với xã hội.

Reduce the likelihood

Giảm thiểu khả năng của ..ll

Reoffending

tái phạm

Reduce the likelihood of reoffending.

Focus on rehabilitative justice

Tập trung vào sự công lý của sự phục hồi / cải tạo.

the highest / lowest recidivism rate

tỉ lệ tái phạm cao nhất / thấp nhất.

To invest in preventative

Đầu tư vào ngăn ngừa / phòng ngừa

corrective measures

các biện pháp phòng ngừa.

Lead to sustainable result in crime reduction

Dẫn đến một kết quả bền vững hơn trong việc giảm tội phạm.

To address the underlying causes of …

Giải quyết tận gốc các nguyên ngân gây ra….

A more effective solution

Một giải pháp hiệu quả hơn.

The root of something

Gốc rễ của cái gì đó.

Criminal behaviours

Các hành vi phạm tội.

To resort to something

To do something (often unpleasant or undesirable).

Reducing their need to resort to illegal activities.

Humane outcomes

Các kết quả nhân đạo / mang tinh con người.

To give sustainable and humane outcomes.

youth programs are widely accessible

Các chương trình dành cho thiếu niên được tiếp cận rộng rãi.

To reply solely on something.

Phụ thuộc duy nhất vào điều gì đó.

Proceed onward

Tiến lên phía trước.

Break the ice

To do / to say something to let’s a conversation

Let’s break the ice !

Spark the controversy

Gây ra sự tranh cãi.

Stir up lots of reactions

Khơi dậy rất nhiều phản ứng.

in touch with the audiences.

Kết nối với khán giả.

A strong fanbase

Một fanbase mạnh mẽ.

Major fallouts with someone

sự bất đồng lớn với ai đó.