APAH Ancient Rome, Islam, and Medieval Art & Architecture Vocabulary

Ambulatory

A passageway around the apse of a church

Anthropomorphic

Attributing human characteristics, emotions, or behaviors to non-human entities

Arcade

A series of arches supported by columns or piers

Archivolt

The ornamental molding or band that follows the curve of an arch

Basílica Plan

The architectural layout commonly used in early Christian churches

Catacomb

An underground burial site, often consisting of tunnels, chambers, and tombs

Cathedral

A large and important Christian church that serves as the official seat of a bishop

Central Plan

A building layout where all parts are arranged around a central point

Chalice

A type of drinking cup, typically used in religious ceremonies

Codex

An ancient manuscript book, typically handwritten

Coffer

A strong, often decorative, chest or box used for storing valuable items

Cubiculum

A small room or chamber, often used in ancient Roman houses or early Christian catacombs

Fibula

An ancient fastening or clasp, often used as a brooch or pin to hold garments together

Gospels

The four books in the New Testamwnt of the Christian Bible

Jamb

A vertical support found on either side of a door, window, or other opening

Latin Cross Plan

A specific architectural layout commonly used in the design of Christian churches

Loculi

Small, rectangular niches or compartments used for burial, typically found in ancient catacombs or tombs

Narthex

A vestibule or entrance hall, typically located at the western end of the church, just inside the main doors

Orant

A figure depicted in a posture of prayer, typically with arms raised and outstretched, often seen in early Christian art, especially in frescoes and tombs

Parchment

A writing material made from the processed skin of an animal, typically a sheep, goat, or calf

Reliquary

A container or shrine used to house and display religious relics

Scriptorium

A room or space in medieval monasteries or convents dedicated to the writing, copying, and illumination of manuscripts

Spolia

The reuse of architectural elements, sculptures, or other materials from earlier structures in the construction of new buildings or artworks

Squinch

An architectural feature used to transition from a square or rectangular base to a circular or polygonal dome

Transept

A section of a church that crosses the nave at a right angle, creating a cruciform (cross-shaped) layout

Zoomorphic

The artistic or symbolic representation of animals or animal forms