Cengage Windows Server 2019 Chapter 8 Vocab

Active Directory-integrated primary DNS server

A DNS server that is also a domain controller, where zone files can be stored in the Active Directory database and replicated to other domain controllers that are also configured as DNS servers. 

authoritative DNS server

A server that contains DNS resource records for one or more zones. 

caching-only DNS server

A DNS server that does not contain any zones but instead relays forward lookups and keeps a local copy of this information. 

debug logging

A logging option that obtains more detailed information compared to the DNS Server log allowing a technician to locate a solution to a problem. 

default forwarder

A DNS server that forwards requests it cannot resolve to other DNS servers instead of using root hints to perform recursive queries. 

DHCP failover

A configuration that provides fault tolerance for IPv4 scopes on two DHCP servers. 

DHCP option

Tagged data items that provide information to a DHCP client. They are sent in a variable-length field at the end of a DHCP message. 

DHCP policy

Provides a specific IP range or DHCP options for DHCP clients based on criteria in the DHCPDISCOVER packet. 

DHCP relay agent

Any host that forwards DHCP packets between clients and servers. Used to forward requests and replies between clients and servers when they are not on the same physical subnet. 

DHCP server

A server that dynamically assigns an IP address and other network configuration parameters to each device on a network so they can communicate with other IP networks. DHCP is an enhancement of an older protocol called BOOTP. 

DNS server

A server that maintains a directory of domain names and translates them to Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. This is necessary because, although domain names are easy for people to remember, computers or machines access websites based on IP addresses. 

DNS server log

The primary log where the DNS records information. 

dynamic DNS (DDNS)

A service that automatically updates DNS records when the IP address of a device or server changes, ensuring that a device or service can be accessed using a stable domain name, even with a frequently changing IP address. 

forward lookup

FQDN to IP address resolution. 

hosts file

A file used to map FQDNs to IP addresses native to the local operating system. 

IP Address Management (IPAM)

A method for planning, tracking, and managing IP address assignment within a network, helping ensure efficient address use, conflict avoidance, and validates communication. 

iterative query

A DNS query where the client communicates directly with each DNS server involved in the lookup.  

MAC address filtering

The ability to filter out specific MAC address allowing or disallowing access to the network. 

NetBIOS Name record

A record containing a NetBIOS name, which is a 16 character name for a networking service or function on a machine running Microsoft Windows Server. These names are a more friendly way of identifying computers on a network than network numbers. 

netmask ordering

If enabled on a DNS server, the DNS server will look at the IP address of the client that is performing the DNS query. When multiple DNS records exist on the same host name, the DNS server will respond back with a host name that is in the same network as the client when possible. In some cases there may be multiple DNS records in the same network as the client. If round robin is also enabled, the DNS records that are on that network will be cycled through. 

Network Time Protocol (NTP)

A networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. In operation since before 1985, NTP is one of the oldest Internet protocols in current use. 

primary DNS server

The first DNS server in a zone. 

recursive query

A lookup where one DNS server communicates with several other DNS servers to hunt down an IP address and return it to the client. This is in contrast to an iterative DNS query, where the client communicates directly with each DNS server involved in the lookup. 

replication partner

A WINS server deployed on the network that is configured to share its NetBIOS name records. 

reservation

Allows an administrator to provide the same IP address each time a DHCPDISCOVER packet is received from a DHCP client that has a certain MAC address. 

resolver

A client computer. 

resource record

Record that contains the FQDN and IP information for computers in a zone. 

reverse lookup

Configuring the DNS to resolve IP addresses to FQDNs. Reverse DNS lookup is using an Internet IP address to find a domain name. 

root hints

DNS data stored in a DNS server. Provides a list of preliminary resource records that can be used by the DNS service to locate other DNS servers that are authoritative for the root of the DNS domain namespace tree. 

round robin

A technique of load distribution, load balancing, or fault-tolerance provisioning of multiple, redundant Internet Protocol service hosts, e.g., Web server and FTP servers, by managing the Domain Name System's (DNS’s) responses to address requests from client computers according to an appropriate statistical model. 

scavenging

Removing stale resource records. 

scope

A way to organize the settings for each IPv4 and IPv6 network so that the DHCP tool can provide IP configurations for them. 

secondary DNS server

An additional DNS server in a DNS zone that contains a read-only copy of the zone file from the primary DNS server that can be used to respond to DNS lookup requests. 

stale resource records

Records that are no longer valid but have accumulated in zone data over time. 

stub DNS server

Forwards requests for a target organization’s zone directly to a DNS server in the target organization. 

Time To Live (TTL)

The amount of time that a computer is able to cache the result of a lookup. 

Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)

Microsoft's implementation of NetBIOS Name Service. It is a name server and service for NetBIOS computer names. A central mapping of host names to network addresses. 

zone

Any distinct, contiguous portion of the domain name space in the Domain Name System (DNS) for which administrative responsibility has been delegated to a single manager. The domain name space of the Internet is organized into a hierarchical layout of subdomains below the DNS root domain. 

zone file

Stores resource records for the zone. 

zone transfer

The process of copying newly added resource records from the primary DNS server to a secondary DNS server.