AP Lang- Vocab 1.1

logos

(noun) a rhetorical appeal to the audiences logic

ethos

(noun) rhetorical appeal to the audiences shared ethics; speaker credibility

pathos

(noun) rhetorical appeal to the audiences emotions

rhetoric

(noun) effective and persuasive speaking or writing

exigence

(noun) the problem that causes a writer to write

persona

(noun) a mask or a voice a speaker assumes

polemic

(noun) a verbal attack

anaphora

(noun) repetition at the beginning of sentences

oxymoron

(noun) a term of two contradicting elements

paradox

(noun) situation that seems contradictory but through further development proves true

apostrophe

(noun) addressing someone who is not present as if they were present

aphorism

(noun) a short statement of absolute truth

claim (assertion)

(noun) a provable statement

data (evidence)

(noun) information to prove a claim

commentary (analysis)

(noun) exploration of why data is important

counter argument

(noun) a contrasting point of view to one’s own argument

refutation (rebuttal)

(noun) proving an opposing argument wrong

concession

(noun) a position that is gifted to the other side

isocolon

(noun) parallel structure within sentences

allusion

(noun) reference to another work (something famous)

tone

(noun) writers attitude toward the subject matter

mood

(noun) readers attitude toward the subject matter