APUSH Chapter 14 + 15 Review

Ireland

Nation where potato famine in the 1840s led to a great migration of its people to America

Ancient Order of Hibernians

Semi-secret Irish organization that became a benevolent society aiding Irish immigrants in America

Forty-Eighters

Liberal German refugees who fled failed democratic revolutions and came to America

Cotton Gin

Whitney's invention that enhanced cotton production and gave new life to black slavery

Limited Liability

Principle that permitted individual investors to risk no more capital in a business venture than their own share of a corporation's stock

Telegraph

Morse's invention that provided instant communication across distance

National Road (Cumberland Road)

The only major highway constructed by the federal government before the Civil War

Erie Canal

"Clinton's Big Ditch" that transformed transportation and economic life across the Great Lakes region from Buffalo to Chicago

Clipper Ships

Beautiful but short-lived American ships, replaced by "tramp steamers"

Samuel Slater

Immigrant mechanic who initiated American industrialization by setting up his cotton-spinning factory in 1791

Know-Nothings

Agitators against immigrants and Roman Catholics

Cyrus McCormick

Inventor of the mechanical reaper that transformed grain growing into a business

Folly

Robert Fulton developer of a "?" that made rivers two-way streams of transportation

Cyrus Field

Wealthy New York manufacturer who laid the first temporary transatlantic cable in 1858

Industrial revolution begins in Britain

1750 (1)

Invention of a cotton gin and system of interchangeable parts revolutionized southern agriculture and northern industry

1793 (2)

Major water transportation route connects New York City to Lake Erie and points west

1825 (3)

First telegraph message- what hath god wrought?- is sent from Baltimore to Washington

1844 (4)

Telegraph lines are stretched across Atlantic Ocean and North American continent.

1861 (5)

Deism

Liberal religious belief, held by many of the Founding Fathers, that stressed rationalism and moral behavior rather than Christian revelation

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival that began on the frontier and swept eastward, stirring an evangelical spirit in many areas of American life

Mormons

Religious group founded by Joseph Smith that eventually established a cooperative commonwealth in Utah

Seneca Falls Convention

Memorable 1848 meeting in NY where women made an appeal based on the Declaration Of Independence

New Harmony

Commune established in New Harmony, Indiana by Scottish industrialist Robert Owen

Brook Farm

Intellectual commune in Mass. based on "plain living & high thinking"

Knickerbocker Group

New York literary movement that drew on both regional and national themes

Transcendentalism

Philosophical & literary movement, centered in New England, that greatly influenced many American writers of the early 19th century

Civil Disobedience

The doctrine, promoted by American writer Henry David Thoreau in an essay of the same name, that later influenced Gandhi & Martin Luther King, Jr.

Dorothea Dix

Quietly determined reformer who substantially improved conditions for the mentally ill

Lucretia Mott

Quaker women's rights advocate who also strongly supported abolition of slavery

Robert Owen

Idealistic Scottish industrialist whose attempt at a communal utopia in America failed

Louisa May Alcott

Novelist whose tales of family life helped economically support her own struggling transcendentalist family; Little Women

James Fenimore Cooper

Path-breaking American novelist who contrasted the natural person of the forest with the values of modern civilization

Walt Whitman

Bold, unconventional poet who celebrated American democracy

Great evangelical religious revival begins in western camp meetings

Early 1800s (1)

A visionary New Yorker creates a controversial new religion.

1830 (2)

A leading New England transcendentalist appeals to American writers and thinkers to turning away from Europe and develop their own literature and culture.

1837 (3)

A determined reformer appeals to a New England legislature to end the cruel treatment of the insane.

1843 (4)

A gathering of female reformers in New York declared that the ideas of the Declaration of Independence apply to both sexes.

1848 (5)