expanding democracy and president jackson (period 4)

universal white male suffrage

by 1856 all white men were able to vote due to the land owning requirement being dropped

who still could not vote despite the rising democracy?

\-black americans (free or enslaved)

\-women

\-native americans

first-party system

federalist v. democratic-republican party

era of good feelings

1820s and 1830s; happened under president monroe; gave way to the new idea that permanent, institutionalized parties were essential to democracy

election of 1828

pittenjohn quincy adams v. andrew jackson

whigs

anti-jackson political party

what were jackson’s followers referred to as?

democrats

second party system

operated from 1828-1854; whigs supported power of congress over presidency; democrats supported power of presidency over congress

what did the whigs believe in?

\-power of the congress

\-policies of modernization and economic protectionism (ex. tariffs)

what did the democrats believe in?

\-power of the presidency

\-they though a national bank and modernization programs would burden the taxpayer

what was the transition to a more participatory democracy accompanied by?

the growth of political parties

andrew jackson

inaugurated in 1829; u.s. president known for his democracy and hitting people with a cane

what were the 5 parts of jacksonian democracy?

\-expanded suffrage (voting rights)

\-relocation of all natives west of mississippi river

\-patronage

\-extinguishing of national debt

\-elimination of the bank of u.s.

why did jackson want to eliminate the bank of the u.s?

he thought it was corrupted

who did the whig support?

henry clay (rival of jackson)

differences between whigs and democrats

whigs: primarily from new england and mid-atlantic states; supported national bank, federal funding of internal improvements, and a protective tariff

democrats: primarily came from south and west (included urban workers and immigrants); supported local role, limited government, free trade; opposed to high tariffs and high land prices

national bank war (1832)

president jackson opposed the national bank because he thought it was corrupted; jackson vetoed the national bank bill and ordered the treasury to make “pet banks”

nullification crisis (1828-1832)

a convention in south carolina passed an ordinance of nullification that prohibited the collection of tariff duties in the state and authorized the raising of army/funding for weapons

what caused the nullification crisis (1828-1832)?

a tariff was passed in 1828 that placed a 38% tax on some imported goods; this greatly damaged southern economies and was named the tariff of abominations

how did southerners view the tariffs during the nullification crisis (1828-1832)?

they viewed the tariffs as an attack on slavery and their economy

nullification

the idea that a state could nullify federal laws that it didn’t agree with

what did jackson persuade congress to let him pass during the nullification crisis (1828-1832)?

they let him pass a force bill, which allowed for him to act against south carolina

what role did john c. calhoun play during the nullification crisis?

he was jackson’s vice president; he resigned to work to find a resolution to the crisis and introduced a new tariff bill with a lower rate

how did south carolina respond to calhoun’s new tariff bill?

the new bill (and jackson’s forceful message) caused them to repeal the nullification act and end the crisis

five civilized tribes

the cherokees, the chickasaws, choctaws, creeks, and seminoles; all in the region of the old southwest

what did georgia legislature declare in december 1828?

starting in june 1830, state laws would apply to cherokee indians and they would have to pay state tax and fight in the state militia

indian removal act (1830)

created by jackson to “protect” the cherokee from georgia laws; the act mandated cherokee indians to move off their lands and go west of the mississippi river or they would stay and follow georgia laws

worcester v. georgia (1832)

marshall ruled that indian nations were “domestic dependent nations” and should be dealt with by the federal government and not the state government (ex. georgia)

how did president jackson respond to marshall’s rule of the worcester v. georgia case?

he ignored it!!\`

trail of tears

native land was seized and during the winder of 1838-1839, 18000 natives were relocated to present-day oklahoma

why was it called the trail of tears (1838-1839)?

at least 25% of the native americans forced on the path died during the travel