Science - First Year Christmas Test

The title says it-

Corrosive

Can burn through material or skin

Flammable

May easily catch fire

Harmful

Could cause sickness or a rash

Toxic

Acts as a poison

Oxidising

Gives out a lot of heat in a reaction

Soluble

Can dissolve

Insoluble

Cannot dissolve

Solute

The substance being dissolved eg. suger or salt

solvent

The liquid used to dissolve something eg. water

Solution

A solute and a solvent mixed together

Saturated solution

When no more solute can be dissolved into the solvent

Dilute

When there is more solvent than solute

Concentrated

When there is more solute than solvent

Element

A substance made up of one type of atom

Mixture

A substance made up of 2 or more types of atoms not chemically combined (easily separated)

Compound

Made up of 2 or more types of atoms, chemically combined (not easily separated)

Cells

The basic building block of living things

Nutrition

The way in which living things get their food

Excretion

The way in which living things get rid of wastes that they produce

Response

The way in which living things react to change in their surroundings

Reproduction

The way in which living things produce new living things

Biodiversity

The range of living things

What does an animal cell contain?

Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

Cell membrane

Holds contents of cell in place and controls what passes in and out of cell.

Nucleus

A round structure that controls the cell, contains chromosomes.

Cytoplasm

A liquid that surrounds the nucleus, carries out cell reactions, contains small structures like mitochondria

What is in a plant cell?

Vacuole, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall.

Vacuole

A small liquid filled bay in cytoplasm, gives strength to plant cells (stores cell sap)

Cell wall

Gives strength and structure to the plant cell

Mitochondria

Supplies energy to the cell (by respiration)

Chloroplast

Makes food (by photosynthesis)

What parts are on a microscope?

Eyepiece lens, course focus knob, fine focus knob, nosepiece, stage, clip objective lens, mirror.

Ingestion

Taking in food

Digestion

breaking down food

Absorption

Taking digested food from our intestines into our blood

Assimilation

Using the food in the cells of the body

Egestion

Getting rid of undigested waste

What are in the digestive system?

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Mouth

Takes in and digests food with teeth and salivary glands (physical and chemical digestion)

Physical Digestion

Breaking down food using mechanical or physical methods.

Chemical Digestion

breaking down food using enzymes (or hydrochloric acid in the stomach)

What teeth are in the mouth?

Incisors, canines, pre-molars, molars

Amylase

Breaks down starch into maltose

Oesophagus

Forces food down from the mouth to the stomach with the muscle called peristalsis

Stomach

A muscular bay that holds food for a few hours, digesting it with hydrochloric acid and churning it (physical and chemical)

Small Intestine

A long but thin tube that digests and absorbs nutrients from the food

Liver

Produces a liquid called bile

Bile

Helps digest fat in small intestine

pancreas

Produces many different enzymes, to help digest food

Large intestine

It reabsorbs water, if too much is taken back, there’s too little left, causing constipation. If too little is taken back, the waste becomes liquid, causing diarrhoea.

Matter

Anything that occupies space

What are three forms of matter?

Solid, liquid, gas

Solid

A definite shape, definite volume, can’t move and can’t be compressed.

Liquid

Can move freely, definite volume but not shape and can’t be compressed.

gas

Freely moves, no definite volume or shape, can be compressed.

Melting

When a solid is heated (gains energy) it changes to liquid

Boiling

When a liquid is heated and it turns to gas

Condensation

When cooling a gas (removing energy) causes it to change to liquid

Freezing

When a liquid is cooled and change to a solid

Diffusion

The movement of particle from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. (mainly in liquids and gases)

Filtration

Separation of an insoluble solid from a liquid

What is in a filtration set?

A beaker, sand+water mixture, filter paper, funnel

Residue

Sand left in filter paper

Filtrate

The clean filtered water after filtration

Chromatography

Seperation of mixture from liquid

what is in the chromatography experiment?

Chromatography paper, beaker, ink(marker), pencil line, water

Evaporation

Separation of a soluble solid from a liquid (eg salt+water)

What is in the evaporation experiment?

mixture(salt+water), wire gauze, tripod, Bunsen burner, evaporating dish

Distillation

Separation of two liquids with different boiling points (eg water at 100, alcohol at 78)

What is in the distillation experiment?

Thermometer, round bottom flash, mixture (alcohol + water), wire gauze, tripod, bunsen burner, liebig condenser, beaker