Biology: Cell Test

hypertonic

lower concentration outside cell, higher concentration in cell (cell shrinks)

isotonic

equilibrium in and out of cell

hypotonic

high concentration of solute in cell, low concentration outside of cell (cell swells up)

enzymes

a biological catalyst that speeds up reactions

Rudolf Virchow

made the cell theory

osmosis

diffusion of water, move towards more solute

eukaryotic

cells found in plants and animals

prokaryotic

single cells: bacteria and archaea

ATP

adenosine triphosphate

what does ATP do?

it's energy for the cell

Phosphorylation

ATP into ADP (kicks out one of the phosphate groups)

negatively charged

phosphates groups in ATP

plasma membrane is made of a

phospholipid bilayer

transmission electron microscopes

used to look inside of cell

scanning electron microscopes

high quality images of the surface of cells

exergonic

kinetic energy

endergonic

potential energy

nucleus

holds all DNA, regulates organelles

nucleolus

spherical shape, produces ribosomes

cell wall

surrounds and protects plant cells

mitochondria

converts chemical energy into ATP

chloroplast

area of photosynthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum

quality control of proteins

golgi apparatus

It is responsible for packaging items for transport within and outside of the cell

central vacuole

stores nutrients, center of plant cell

contractile vacuole

stop excess water so cell doesn't burst

primary cillia

stationary, help cell feel around the area

tight cell junction

waterproof seal membrane cells

anchoring cell junction

locks cell together

gap cell junction

where cells communicate

peroxisomes

break down items in the memebrane

vesicles

small membrane sacks that mostly transport food or waste in and out of cells

lysosomes

break down pathogens and food

facilitated diffusion

diffusion of larger molecules through carrier proteins

plasmodesmata

only found in plant cells, communication within cell, connect plasma membrane to cell

cell theory

all living things are made of cells, cells come from existing cells, and cells are the basic unit of life

cholesterol

help stabilize membrane in different temperatures

pinocytosis

involves bringing solute and fluids

phagocytosis

movement of large molecules (viruses and macromolecules) inside the cells