A written language that provides information and contains ideas and concepts related to a specific discipline.
Academic Text
Structure
The organization of an academic text into introduction, body, and conclusion, which allows the reader to follow the argument and navigate the text.
Tone
The attitude conveyed in a piece of writing, which should be unbiased and free from loaded language.
Language
The use of unambiguous and formal language, preferably in the third person point of view, appropriate to the area of study.
Citation
The act of providing a list of references to acknowledge the sources of ideas, research findings, data, or quoted text used in an academic text.
Complexity
The addressing of complex issues that require higher-order thinking skills to comprehend.
Evidence-based Arguments
Opinions based on a sound understanding of the relevant body of knowledge and academic debates.
Thesis-driven
The starting point of an academic text, which is a particular perspective, idea, or position applied to a chosen research problem.
Complex
Academic texts have longer words and lexically varied vocabulary, as well as more grammatical complexity.
Formal
Academic texts avoid colloquial words and expressions commonly used in casual conversations.
Precise
Academic texts provide accurate facts and use precise vocabulary.
Objective
Academic texts emphasize information and use more nouns (adjectives) rather than verbs (adverbs).
Explicit
Academic texts make it clear to the reader how the various parts of the text are related and provide statements that explain their purpose.
Accurate
Academic texts use vocabulary accurately and include words with narrow specific meanings.
Hedging
The expression of certainty or uncertainty in academic writing, requiring decisions about the strength of claims made.
Responsible
Academic texts require providing evidence for any claims made.
Organized
Academic texts flow easily from one section to the next in a logical fashion.
Planned
Academic texts are created after research and evaluation, according to a specific purpose and plan.