Circulatory system

Too much stuff

Where is the location of the heart?

Between R02 and R05, posterior to sternum.

Inside the thoraxic cage and cavity, surrounded by a double-membrane pericardium (1 fibrous, 2 serous layers)

Pathway of coronary arteries?

Aorta → Various places of the heart → Right Atrium

What is this tissue?

Cardiomyocyte

Name these structures

1. Chordae Tendineae

2. Papillary muscles

3. Moderator Band

What are these?

1. SA node

2. Internodal Bundle

3. AV node

4. Bundle of His/AV bundle

5. Bundle branch + Purkinje fiber

Name these structures

1. Right coronary artery

2. Left coronary artery

3. Anterior interventricular branch

4. Circumflex branch

Name these structures

Coronary vein

1. Coronary sinus

2. Great cardiac vein

3. Small cardiac vein

Define Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

Definition: a gap in the septum, caused by errors in development preventing the Muscular Ridge (bottom) and Membraneous Region (top) from meeting.

What are some common diseases VSD is associated with?

• Other cardiac disease

• Down syndrome

• Fetal alcohol syndrome

Symptoms of VSD?

Uneven pressure of blood (LV is higher) causes mixing of blood, into the right ventricle (instead of circulating body).

• Higher oxygen saturation in RV, Pul. arteries.

• Heard as a heart murmur (Holosystolic Murmur)

• Smaller VSD may be asymptomatic

• Pulmonary Hypertension

  • In servere cases, Blood flow of VSD reveses and supplies aorta with deox blood.

• Cyanosis - blue lips and fingers

What are these

Deep Arteries of the Head/Neck

1. Internal Carotid Artery

2. Maxillary Artery

3. Vetebral Artery

What are these (blood vessels and highlighted part)?

Vessel: Circle of Willis

Top: Middle Cereberal Artery

Bottom: Basilar Arteries

Note: the Circle of Willis of most people is incomplete, and this knowledge is important for medical imaging.

What are these arteries?

1. Subclavian (Left is arched, R is not)

2. Auxillary Artery

3. Brachial Artery

4. Deep Brachial Artery

What are these?

Vessels that supply the forearm

1. Ulnar

2. Radial

3. Deep Palmar Arch

4. Superficial Palmar Arch

What are these?

Pelvic arteries

1. Common Iliac

2. Internal Iliac

3. External Iliac

What are these?

Leg arteries

1. Popliteal

2. Posterior Tibial

3. Fibular

Note: Anterior tibial also exists. Not shown here

What are these?

Head-draining veins

1. Internal Juglar

2. External Juglar

3. Vertebral.

What are these?

Sinus of the head

1. Superficial sinus

2. Transverse Sinus

3. Sigmoid Sinus

What are these?

Upper arm Veins

1. Subclavian

2. Auxillary

3. Brachial

4. Basilic

What are these?

Veins of the Forearm

1. Cephalic

2. Median Cubital

3. Ulnar

4. Radial

What are these?

The Azygos System (drain thorax wall)

1. Azygos (Into superior Vena Cava)

2. Hemiazygos

3. Accessory Azygos

Iliac veins

1. Common

2. External

3. Internal

Upper leg veins

1. Commen Femoral

2. Deep Femoral

3. Great Saphenous

Lower Leg Veins