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Applied Research
Designed to solve specific real world problems
Biopsychology/neuroscience
studies how the brain and nervous system develop, work, and affect behavior, thinking, and emotions.
Developmental psychology
studys how individuals change and grow over the course of their lifespan. (examining, physical, cognitive, social, emotional development)
Personality Psychology
studies unique variations among individuals in cognitions, emotions, actions
Industrial Organizational Psychology
uses psychological insights on how organizations can enhance workplace productivity, employee well being
Social Psychology
study of the impact that the existence of others can have on an individuals cognition, emotions, actions
Clinical Psychology
studies the intricacies of mental health, assess, diagnose, and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders
Basic research
The quest for knowledge purley for its own sake
Four main goals of psychology.
Describe, Explain, Predict, Influence
Nurture
refers to the environmental influences that impact human behavior and development. students anxiety levels can be influenced by their environment
Nature
refers to genetic and biological factors that influence behavior. genetic predisposition to anxiety
Structuralism
aimed to analyze the structure of the mind by breaking down mental processes into their most basic components, similarly to taking apart a bicycle to understand how it works
Functionalism
aimed at understanding why rather than what a sensation felt like. goal is to investigate what purpose our feelings, sensations, perceptions are
Psychodynamic
the study of how mental and emotional processes affect behavior and mental states, especially during early childhood
Freud
Founder of psychoanalysis published many papers on psychoanalysis and got the whole “psychology thing” going
Behaviorism
Focuses on the role of the external environment in governing behavior.
Law of Effect
psychological principle that states that behaviors that produce a positive outcome are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors that produce a negative outcome are less likely to be repeated.
Humanistic Psychology
idea that people are not solely influenced by external forces. emphasized free will and personal growth
Cognitive Psychology
examine problem solving, memory, learning, and perception to understand how the mind works and how that influences behavior
Sociocultural Psychology
Examines how social and cultural factors influence behavior, thoughts, and feelings.
Biological Psychology
Examines how neurons, genetics, and the body regulate the brain and behavior, focusing on the biological basis of behavior.
what inspired the behaviorism perspective?
John Locke’s Tabula Rasa blank slate inspired the movement suggesting that human behavior is entirely derived from learned behavior
Behavior and its causes can be exaimed at three different levels
biological level, psychological level, social/cultural level Biopyschosocial approach
Confirmation bias
when you focus on information that supports what you already believe and ignore anything that goes against it
barnum effect
when people believe vague, general statements about personality or traits are specifically about them, even though the statements could apply to almost anyone.
Basic research example
studying how the memory works in the brain
Applied research example
use knowledge about memory to create tools or stratigies for peope to recall memories better