Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

Flashcards contrasting the characteristics of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

Prokaryotes

Organisms characterized by the absence of a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotes

Organisms that possess a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Cellular Organization

Prokaryotes are unicellular; Eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular.

Classification

Prokaryotes are classified into Bacteria and Archaea; Eukaryotes include Plants, Animals, Fungi, and Protists.

Organelles

Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles; Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles such as lysosomes and mitochondria.

Ribosomes

Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes contain ribosomes.

Size

Prokaryotes are typically small (0.1 - 5 µm) while Eukaryotes are larger (10 - 100 µm).

DNA Structure

Prokaryotes have circular DNA, usually a singular chromosome; Eukaryotes have linear DNA, consisting of multiple chromosomes.

Cell Wall

Almost all Prokaryotes have a cell wall; in Eukaryotes, plants have cell walls made of cellulose, and fungi have walls made of chitin.

Reproduction

Prokaryotes primarily reproduce through binary fission (asexual); Eukaryotes reproduce via mitosis (asexual) and meiosis (sexual).