Alcohols

To turn an alcohol into a chloroalkane, what reagent needs to be added?

PCl₅

What is the equation?

C₂H₅OH + PCl₅ ——→ C₂H₅Cl + HCl + POCl₃

What is the test for the strong fumes produced, and what is this test for?

Test with ammonia vapor and a white smoke should form. This confirms the presence of a R-OH group

To turn an alcohol into a bromoalkane, what reagents needs to be added?

Potassium bromide and 50 % concentrated sulfuric acid. The HBr which reacts with the alcohol is produced in situ

What is the equation for this reaction?

C₂H₅OH + HBr ———→ C₂H₅Br + H₂O

To turn an alcohol into a iodoalkane, what reagent needs to be added?

Red phosphorus and iodine

What is the equation of this two step reaction

2P + 3I₂ ——> 2PI₃

3C₂H₅OH + PI₃ ——→ 3C₂H₅I + H₃PO₃

What are the conditions required to oxidise alcohols?

Potassium dichromate and acid conditions (dilute sulfuric acid)

For primary alcohols, what is the two step equation to form carboxylic acids?

CH₃CH₂OH + [ O ] ——> CH₃CHO + H₂O (aldehyde)

CH₃CHO + [ O } ———> CH₃COOH (carboxylic acid)

For secondary alcohols, what is the equation to form ketones?

CH₃CH(OH)CH₃ + [ O ] ——> CH₃C(O)CH₃ + H₂O (ketone)

For tertiary alcohols, what is the equation?

TRICK QUESTION. No reaction occurs

For primary and secondary alcohols, what is the colour change when they are oxidised?

Orange to green

How do you distinguish between a primary and secondary alcohol with this reaction?

React the produced substance with a carbonate. CO₂ will be produced if a carboxylic acid was present (primary alcohol) and no CO₂ would be produced if it was a secondary alcohol

What are the conditions necessary to dehydrate an alcohol into an alkene?

Concentrated phosphoric or sulfuric acid plus heat (300 degrees centigrade) under reflux plus water plus 60-70 ATP