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Which of the following is most likely to be an example of a "push factor" in migration?

A. Economic opportunities in a new country
B. Political stability and freedom
C. Natural disaster or famine in one's home country
D. Availability of family connections abroad
E. Access to advanced healthcare systems abroad
Correct Answer: C

In which stage of the Demographic Transition Model would a country experience high birth rates and rapidly declining death rates?

A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. Stage 3
D. Stage 4
E. Stage 5
Correct Answer: B

The spatial expression of a popular custom in one location being similar to another is referred to as:

A. Folk culture
B. Cultural hearth
C. Placelessness
D. Cultural relativism
E. Acculturation
Correct Answer: C

A boundary that separates different linguistic regions is known as a(n):

A. Isogloss
B. Toponym
C. Lingua franca
D. Language family
E. Creole
Correct Answer: A

Which of the following is an example of a universalizing religion?

A. Hinduism
B. Judaism
C. Shintoism
D. Buddhism
E. Confucianism
Correct Answer: D

A state that possesses a roughly circular, oval, or rectangular territory in which the distance from the center to any point on the boundary does not vary significantly is a:

A. Elongated state
B. Fragmented state
C. Perforated state
D. Compact state
E. Prorupted state
Correct Answer: D

The European Union (EU) is a prominent example of a(n):

A. Unitary state
B. Supranational organization
C. Federal state
D. Microstate
E. Autonomous region
Correct Answer: B

According to the Von Thünen model, which of the following agricultural activities would most likely take place in the ring furthest from the market?

A. Dairy farming
B. Market gardening
C. Extensive grain farming
D. Specialty crops
E. Intensive farming
Correct Answer: C

The Green Revolution primarily involved the development of:

A. Organic farming techniques for local markets
B. Genetically modified organisms and high-yield crops
C. Traditional subsistence farming methods
D. Livestock ranching in arid regions
E. Agroforestry systems in tropical areas
Correct Answer: B

An economy in which the tertiary sector employs the majority of the workforce is characteristic of a:

A. Pre-industrial society
B. Industrial society
C. Post-industrial society
D. Developing country
E. Subsistence economy
Correct Answer: C

In Wallerstein's World Systems Theory, countries that export raw materials to core countries are generally classified as:

A. Core countries
B. Semi-periphery countries
C. Periphery countries
D. Developed countries
E. Imperialist states
Correct Answer: C

If a country's largest city has a population of 10 million, and the country follows the rank-size rule, its second-largest city would most likely have a population of:

A. 2.5 million
B. 5 million
C. 7.5 million
D. 10 million
E. 20 million
Correct Answer: B

According to Christaller's Central Place Theory, a "range" is defined as the:

A. Minimum number of people needed to support a service
B. Maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service
C. Area within which a service can be profitably offered
D. Number of different services a central place provides
E. Spatial distribution of settlements
Correct Answer: B

The increase in Earth's temperature caused by the burning of fossil fuels is primarily attributed to:

A. Ozone depletion
B. Acid rain
C. Deforestation
D. The greenhouse effect
E. Desertification
Correct Answer: D

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures is known as:

A. Transhumance
B. Chain migration
C. Step migration
D. Counterurbanization
E. Guest worker migration
Correct Answer: A

Thomas Malthus argued that:

A. Population growth would eventually be limited by food supply
B. Technological innovations would always outpace population growth
C. Population growth leads to greater economic prosperity
D. Government intervention is necessary to control birth rates
E. Population tends to decrease naturally over time
Correct Answer: A

The rapid spread of an idea or characteristic from one person to another without relocation diffusion is called:

A. Contagious diffusion
B. Hierarchical diffusion
C. Stimulus diffusion
D. Relocation diffusion
E. Expansion diffusion
Correct Answer: A

Which of the following would be considered a centripetal force in a state?

A. Ethnic separatism
B. Regional economic disparities
C. A common national language and shared history
D. Geopolitical tension with a neighboring country
E. Uneven resource distribution
Correct Answer: C

According to the bid-rent theory, which activity would occupy the most expensive land in a city's CBD?

A. Residential housing
B. Light manufacturing
C. Commercial retail
D. Agriculture
E. Warehousing
Correct Answer: C

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and:

A. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita
B. Gross National Income (GNI) per capita
C. Total population size
D. Infant mortality rate
E. Female labor force participation
Correct Answer: B